Reagents Flashcards
Strong oxidant
H2CrO4
Weak oxidant
PCC
Reduction of Ketone, Aldehyde or ester uses what source of H-
LiAlH4
Reagent for markovnikov addition to alkene giving alcohol
H+/H2O
Reagent for anti markovnikov addition to alkene giving alcohol
- B2H6
2. HO-/H2O2
Reagent for Friedel craft acylation
R-C^=O-X / AlX3
What are the nucleophiles that can do type 1 nu- addition to aldehydes and ketones
LiAlH4 (H-), NC-,R-MgX
Addition of amine (RNH2) to aldehyde/ketone gives what
imine (C=NR)
Addition of hydroxyl amine(OHNH2) to aldehyde/ketone gives what
oxime (C=NOH)
Addition of hydrazine to aldehyde/ketone gives what
hydrazone (C=NNH2)
reagent for converting all OH groups on cyclic hemiacetal to ester and reaction type
CH3I/ Ag2O through Nu- substitution of akyl halide
reagent for converting all OH groups on cyclic hemiacetal to ether and reaction type
H3C-(C=O)-O-(C=O) -CH3 - ethanoic anhydride or (CH3CO)2O which adds C=OCH3
What is the reagent for converting cyclic hemiacetal to glycoside
alcohol in presence of acid : ROH/H+
Glycosides can be converted to free monosaccharides by adding what
aqueous acid: H3O+/ H+
What is a strong source of Cl- able to turn alcohol into akyl halide and carboxylic acid into acyl chloride
SOCl2
What is the dehydrating agent that works on carboxylic acids and what type of anhydrides does it make
P2O5, symmetrical anhydrides- two of the same carboxylic acids join together
How do you figure out the reagent needed for nucleophilic acyl substitution for acid chlorides and anhydrides
Look at what has been substituted in place of [Cl] or [OCOR’] and just add an H to it to make it the reagent
What reagent is needed to make esters from simple carboxyllic acid and alcohol
H+ (lots)
What are the reagents for amide hydrolysis and getting the amine from it
70% aq H2SO4 and heat or strong aqueous base. To get amine from it you have to add some OH- to get rid of the extra H+ on the ammonia group added to R.
If you need to deprotanate an amino acid that has been formed as a NH3+ what do you use
OH-
How do you get an aryl amine. What do you start with and what do you use
Start with NO2 on the ring. Use 1. Fe/H3O+ and 2.OH-
What facilitates homolytic bond cleavage to get radicals
Hv (light) or heat
What are the reagents for nu- sub of an alcohol to an akyl halide
1 and 2’ alcohols = SOCl2
3’ alcohols = HX (Cl or Br)
