Reagents Flashcards
K2Cr2O7/H+
Oxidising agent
Cu/573 K
Catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to form ketones/aldehydes
Zn/H2O
Reductive ozonolysis
Preparation of aldehydes/ketones from alkenes
dil H2SO4/HgSO4
Hydration of alkynes to form aldehydes/ketones
Pd/BaSO4, S / xylene
Rosenmund’s rxn reagents
Acyl halides to aldehydes ONLY
SnCl2/HCl
H2O
Stephen’s rxn
Synthesis of aldehyde ONLY from CH3CN (acetonitrile or methyl cyanide)
DIBAL-H/H2O
Diisobutylaluminium hydride
Ester to aldehyde ONLY
conc. HNO3
oxidising agent
Ni/Pt/Pd
reduce C=C and C=O
LiAlH4
reduces C=O bond of aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid, amide
NaBH4
reduces C=O of aldehydes and ketones ONLY
Zn/Hg, HCl
Clemmensen reduction
aldehyde/ketone to alkane
KOH, glycol
473 K
Wolff-Kishner reduction
aldehyde/ketone + hydrazine to alkane
reagent on second arrow i.e. hydrazone to alkane
HI/red P
reducing agent
aldehyde/ketone to alkane
dil. NaOH
dil. HCl
Aldol condensation / Crossed-aldol condensation
CrO2Cl2/CCl4
H2O
Etard reaction
Lab preparation of benzaldehyde from toluene by oxidation with chromyl chloride
Zn/dil. HCl
reducing agent
alc. KCN
in the context of benzaldehyde
Benzoin condensation
CH3COONa
H2O
Perkin’s rxn
Benzaldehyde + acetic anhydride –> cinnamic acid and acetic acid
conc HNO3, conc H2SO4
nitration of benzaldehyde
dry ether
Addition of RMgX
FeCl3
Halogenation of benzaldehyde
P2O5
Formation of acid anhydride from carboxylic acid
CaO, NaOH
soda lime
Decarboxylation of sodium carboxylate to form alkane and sodium carbonate
conc. H2SO4 in the context of carboxylic acids
Formation of ester from acid + alcohol
Br2 in the presence of CCl4
Hunsdiecker reaction
Silver acetate to bromomethane
partial reduction and complete reduction of carboxylic acids
partial: LiAlH4
complete: red P
Cl2 + red P
Cl2
Cl2
Hell Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ)
carboxylic acid to alpha-bromo or alpha-chloro carboxylic acid
FeBr3
Bromination
