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Chemistry > Alcohols, Phenols and Esters > Flashcards

Alcohols, Phenols and Esters Flashcards

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1
Q

What should be added to R-Mg-X to get a primary alcohol

A

R-Mg-X: Grignard’s Reagent

Formaldehyde

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2
Q

What should be added to R-Mg-X to get a secondary alcohol

A

Aldehyde (other than methanal/formaldehyde)

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3
Q

What should be added to R-Mg-X to get a tertiary alcohol

A

Ketone

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4
Q

What carbonyl compounds should undergo reduction to obtain primary alcohols

A

Aldehydes and carboxylic acids

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5
Q

What carbonyl compounds should undergo reduction to obtain secondary alcohols

A

Ketones

For mixture of alcohols: esters

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6
Q

Bosch process conditions

A
  1. C + H2O –1573 K —> CO + H2
  2. CO + 2H2 —> CH3OH

conditions in rxn 2: CuO, ZnO, Cr2O3, 573 K, 200 atm

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7
Q

Dow’s Process
to convert what to what?
Conditions

A

Chlorobenzene—>Sodium phenoxide —> Phenol

Conditions
Chlorobenzene–> Sodium phenoxide: 573-623 K, 200atm
Sodium phenoxide–> Phenol: HCl

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8
Q

Friedel-craft: Lewis acid

A

AlCl3

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9
Q

Riemer-Tiemann rxn: To convert what to what?

A

phenol to salicylaldehyde

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10
Q

Reactions with cleavage of O-H bond (R-OH)

A
  1. Reaction with Na
  2. Esterification: rxn with carboxylic acids
  3. Acylation: Acid anhydrides and acid chlorides
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11
Q

steps to convert primary alcohol to secondary alcohol w reagents

A
  1. primary alcohol to primary halide
    PCl5 / PCl3 / SOCl2
  2. Primary halide to Alkene
    alc KOH
  3. Alkene to haloalkane w halogen on secondary carbon
    HBr (Markownikoff’s rule)
  4. haloalkane to secondary alcohol
    aq KOH (nucleophilic substitution rxn)
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12
Q

steps to convert secondary alcohol to tertiary alcohol

A
  1. secondary alcohol to ketone by oxidation
    K2Cr2O7 / H+
  2. ketone to tertiary alcoho
    R-Mg-X (grignard’s reagent)
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13
Q

lower alcohol to higher alcohol w reagents

A
  1. lower alcohol to haloalkane
    PCl5
  2. haloalkane to R-C≡N
    KCN
  3. R-C≡N to R-CH2-NH2
    4H
  4. R-CH2-NH2 to higher alkane
    HNO2
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14
Q

higher alkane to lower alkane w reagents

A
  1. ethanol to acetaldehyde by oxidation
    K2Cr2O7/H+
  2. acetaldehyde to carboxylic acid by oxidation
    same
  3. H of OH is replaced by Na
    NaOH
  4. compound from 3 to CH4
    soda lime: CaO + NaOH
  5. CH4 to CH3Cl
    Cl2/ hv
  6. CH3Cl to CH3OH
    aq KOH
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15
Q

kolbe schmidt rxn

A

formation of salicylic acid from sodium phenoxide

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16
Q

reimer tiemann rxn

A

formation of salicylaldehyde from phenol

Chemistry (8 decks)

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