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Climate Change > Readings Useful from Other Modules > Flashcards

Readings Useful from Other Modules Flashcards

1
Q

Rickards (2015)

A
  • role metaphor in Anthropocene and idea humans as geological force
  • metaphors to aid scientists communication
  • metaphor gives new meaning to an ordinary word by equating it another
  • metaphors illuminate some parts world and shape actions eg. idea earth as sick = cure like geoengineering solutions
  • gaia metaphor
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2
Q

Burgess (1990)

A

“The argument is advanced that the media are an integral part of a complex cultural process through which environmental meanings are produced and consumed. Applying theoretical perspectives developed in cultural studies, evidence from a range of case studies is presented to demonstrate the ways in which environmental meanings are encoded in different forms of media texts and decoded by the different groups who comprise the audiences. It is argued that physical and human geographers could usefully collaborate in research with both producers and consumers of media texts, so as to better understand contemporary discourses about human-environment relations.”

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3
Q

Aldred (2016)

A
  • over 1,000 species relocated due CC - increase translation
  • traditional conservation methods like protected areas no longer enough - human impact planet increasing
  • 2013 IUCN report 6-9% of endangered bird species, 11-15% of amphibians and 6-9% of corals were considered highly vulnerable to climate change and would be threatened with a greater risk of extinction if current climate trends continued
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4
Q

Hance (2017)

A
  • Impacts ecosystems occurring faster than predicted
  • eg chipmunks Yellowstone National Park seen shape their skulls change due to climate pressure - genetic changes
  • 2017 47% land mammals and 23% birds already suffered neg impacts CC - 700 species - underreporting of impact - IUCN Red List only considers 7% mammals and 4% birds threatened CC
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5
Q

Stephanie et al (2013)

A
  • Rio+20 biodiversity marginalised, biodiversity conservation agenda subsumed into broader issues SD, green economy, CC - biodiversity put in line market trends
  • PES = payments for ecosystem services
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6
Q 
Hurricane Katrina
Dickel and Kindinger (2015)
/
Paxson et al (2012)
/
Kamel (2012)
A
  • New Orleans 2005 levees broke = 80% city flooded
  • laid inequalities bare - race and class
  • long-term impacts Katrina mental health - low income mothers experienced PTSD, anxiety disorder
  • 5 years after Katrina 90% New Orleans metropolitan population returned but recovery patterns v uneven - lowest repopulation rates = areas highest damage and high concentrations minorities, low income households
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7
Q

Elliott (2020) - Jan World Economic Forum, Davos

A
  • Greta Thunberg tells leaders at Davos to listen threat + science
  • remaining budget will be gone in less than 8 years for staying within 1.5 degrees
  • assumption future generations will somehow such billions tonnes CO2 out atmosphere when technology not yet exist
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8
Q

Lowry (2019) Conservative Attack greta

A
  • Greta = pawn being used by adults for their own interests
  • jet travel publicity stunt sail across Atlantic
  • kids are powerful pawns - for the children has seductive political appeal
  • same people say world must listen to 16 year old will say how dare criticise a 16 year old if pushback occurs
  • children have nothing useful to offer - compare children’s demands climate action to a tantrum - not as simple as cc easily stopped if adults cared - more complex
  • haven’t failed based on social/econ wellbeing
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9
Q

Chakrabortty (2019) left rebuttal - housing Greta is proof right run out ideas

A
  • ugly personal attacks on greta
  • grown men bullying a schoolgirl
  • can’t dismantle her arguments as backed by science or use her background against her - try something else
  • pick on her Aspergers, calling her weird - trying to deny opponent legitimacy to speak because of who they are
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10
Q

Unigwe (2019) it’s not just Greta, why are we ignoring developing world’s activists

A
  • young people south tackling climate crisis years
  • Ridhima Pandey age 9 in 2017 when filed lawsuit against Indian gov failing take CC action
  • greta is a superstar but so are her peers - thunberg has privileges west - she is aware of this and mentions fellow activists
  • teenager Aditya Makarji 2018 war against plastic straws
  • frustrating as other activists in media shown as Greta of their country or following her even if they started before - own identities and work erased western media
  • bangladesh first country ban plastic bags 2002, Rwanda banned non-biodegradable plastic 2008
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11
Q

TIME (2019)

A

Greta Thunberg Time’s person year 2019

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12
Q

Barnosky et al (2011)

A

Has Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived

- human induced

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13
Q

Fisher and Romm (2006)

A

Env Injustice - West Oakland, California air toxic - GIS and spatial analysis

  • air toxics on low-income area
  • West Oakland - majority African American (65% pop), income 20-25,000 and 14 schools within 600m TRI facility
  • factories and truck routes problem
  • GIS analysis / EPA led to pressure Red Star Yeast to restrict emissions or face sanctions an close - closed due to market conditions
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14
Q

Pellow (2000) Env Inequality - Env injustice

A
  • case study recycling plant Chicago (African American workers) - hazards, overtime, failure pay employees, handling dangerous medical waste, health vs job - 1995 chicago blue bag recycling programme - came out of env movement calling end landfill
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15
Q 
Cohen (2006)
/
Tait et al (2016)
/
Dodds et al (2014)
/
Klaiman et al (2016)
/
van Herpen et al (2014)
A
  • consumer society consumers can demand changes - eg reduction plastic
    /
    tested willingness pay env products - env sustainability labelling food products change behaviour
    /
  • growing popularity local food consumption - farmers markets
    /
  • 31% env-friendly packaging as most important factor purchase in terms packaging - preferences env packaging
    /
  • new concepts supermarkets without packaging eg Biocoop in Paris - buy/bring bags and jars re-fill
  • testing impact plastic - unpacked veg/fruit chosen over packed
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16
Q

Scott (1998)

A

Seeing like a state

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17
Q

Merchant - Fish First

A
  • individual (fisher takes fish), society (caught good society) or intrinsic (value fish in own right) - diff approach to management/ policy, diff env ethic
  • Fisheries Pacific NW 1820s-1880s laissez-faire market economy (individual) - egocentric ethic - fish as passive objects, assume fisheries inexhaustible, fished competitively - tragedy of commons, private property fish
  • causes collapse = utilitarian/ homocentric ethic society first, fish second - 1930s dams built - 1940s salmon catch 1/10 1890
  • 1950s ecocentric approach (leopold land ethic) - fish first - optimum sustainable yield
  • proposes partnership ethic - people and nature equal importance
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18
Q

Hardin (1968)

A

tragedy of the commons

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19
Q

Holling and Meffe (1996) Command and Control

A
  • top-down, command and control management natural resources - causes collapse resources, loss biodiversity, loss natural system variation, less resilience
  • Pathology natural resource management = loss resilience when natural variation in system is reduced – this encapsulates the unsustainable outcomes of command-and-control resource management
  • command and control - problem perceived and solution for its control developed/implemented
  • pathology natural resource management - reduction variation = less resilient system eg loss genetic variation in small populations = less resilient genetic system = higher probability of extinction
  • short-term gain through command-and-control, increases ecosystem vulnerability - natural resource management needs promote long-term system viability. don’t need control nature, need control things like human consumption
20
Q

Leopold (1966)

A

Land Ethic

21
Q

Folke (2006) Resilience

A
  • resilience perspective approach understanding social-ecological systems roots 60s/70s - challenge stable equilibrium view
  • governance needs protect ecosystem services for human wellbeing
  • resilience important sustainability in terms capacity renewal and reorganisation
  • resilience engineering = how fast return steady state
  • improved understanding diversity - more diverse = able absorb disturbance, higher resilience
  • panarchy model
22
Q

Steffen et al (2011) Anthropocene

A
  • ecosystem destroyed, earth system impact humans new epoch - need work achieve planetary stewardship before on trajectory can’t change
  • hunter gatherers, industrial revolution, post ww2 great acceleration
  • overshot earth’s annual bio capacity 70s
  • 9 planetary boundaries
23
Q

Nadasdy (1999) TEK

A
  • integration traditional knowledge and science - aboriginal in resource management and env impact assessment - but assumes traditional knowledge can conform western knowledge
  • see traditional as stuck in time
  • western scientific knowledge compartmentalised - vis indigenous not fit
  • management sheep in Yukon conflict knowledge
24
Q

Schlosberg (2004)

A
  • Environmental Justice

- Rawls 1971 veil of ignorance

25
Q

Fredriksen (2016) Species SC

A

Scotland Conservation Wildcats

26
Q

Collard (2014) Species SC

A

Animals taking apart, commodities - illegal animal trade

27
Q

North (2011) UK climate activism

A
  • does UK climate activism have the power to move to a more sustainable way organising human society
  • past few years renewed emergence env politics and urgency CC - Copenhagen COP 50-100,000 people (yet antiglobalisation, antinuclear hit 250,000)
  • need engagement with social movements eg exploring ideas transition low carbon society
  • right moment to act? hurricane katrina 2005, al gore inconvenient truth 06, stern review 07 + IPCC confirm scientific consensus
  • social movement theorists try understand why some issues become objects contentious politics others don’t - resources, established groups?
  • activist opponent = media - “balance” both “sides” CC debate = deniers - Climategate UEA climatic research centre 2009 emails looked like manipulating data
  • activists see CC political problem vs Swyngedouw (2007) notes CC seen as post political by elites, technological
  • repression / labelling eco-terrorists - police harassment/violence put people off participation future - media brutality - repressive capitalism
28
Q

MacGregor (2010)

A
  • lack of gender focus in CC - focus on dev/ vulnerability
29
Q

Banerjee and Bell (2007)

A
  • ecofeminism lacks presence - gender little attention - top 5 journals in env social science 2005 references terms sex gender or feminism just 3.9% citations since 1980
  • ecofeminism emerged response culture nature dualism - connections women and nature
30
Q

Bretherton (1998)

A
  • attempts put gender on agenda global env politics = addition women, not incorporation gender
  • international policy needs to be informed understanding the social and gender is an organising principle of social
  • women tend fall under victims, or saviours or the problem - saviours as women linked nature, nurturing, victims of env change
  • assumption just need to add more women into policy room - what about status, resources, women amounts foreign policy elites low - 5/27 executive heads women UN system - male dominated environment
  • issue gender just being understood as women (not social relation m/f) - added on nature of women and youth and indigenous as special, separate categories not challenge power system
31
Q

Skutsch (2002)

A
  • very little attention gender issues in protocols, treaties or debates
  • UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol gender and women words not mentioned either - no attention gender issues CC discourse - processes, COP debates.
  • Consideration gender responsibilities emissions eg men car women home
32
Q

Stoparic (2006)

A
  • women’s rights groups banded together UN CC meetings call attention disproportionate impact GW on women
  • women’s vulnerability and usefulness knowledge
  • low participation women advocates due to scientific, tech approach GW and treaty negotiations - focus on markets and emissions trading not poverty or inequalities
33
Q

Bee et al (2015)

A
  • neoliberal climate governance focus shift CC migration to individuals, consumption techno-scientific solutions - ignores diff subjects experiences - fem consider everyday impact policy
  • neoliberal/ BAU approach CC
  • fem scholarship challenges disembodied masculine science behind cc discourse/policy
  • partial knowledges, subjectivities
34
Q

Seager (2009)

A
  • 2 degree marker is not supported climate science -fem analysis shows popular discourse - nothing in IPCC/UNFCCC
  • earliest reference 1979 economist - target is a policy/economic trade-off - not tipping point, it is a point where elites are safe up to in the west - rejected states like small islands suffer before econ hit west
  • 2 degrees point temperate become impacted - economic rational
  • capitalism is gendered, markets winners are men
35
Q

Allwood (2014)

A

Gender mainstreaming and EU CC policy

36
Q

Pearse (2017)

A
  • focus gender/ CC is on vulnerability, adaptations - women victims - need research on gender implications policy
37
Q

McGreavy and Lindenfeld (2014) CC and films

A
  • communicate CC shapes response
  • the day after tomorrow 2004
  • sizzle a global warming comedy 2008
    an inconvenient truth 2006
  • films situate treatment CC narrative reiterates stereotypes
  • TDAT white male lead confronts african american police officer directing people storm - son climatologist, son uses father’s authority tell doing wrong thing - police officer and those following dies - all authority decision makers are white men
  • al gore mythic figure, hero, everyone to act ignores gore privileged
38
Q

Carey et al (2016) Glaciers and gender

A
  • fem glaciology framework env research
  • male, exploring, mountaineering stereotype
  • bring in marginalised knowledges about glaciers
39
Q

Terry (2009) no climate justice without gender justice

A
  • typical gender linked cc vulnerability
  • main discourse masculine - tech, econ, models
  • alternatives like climate justice, human rights not central
  • 2007 IPCC 4th assessment report mention gender roles shaping vulnerability/adaptation - just vulnerability rural women developing
  • perception risk - USA surveys show white men perceive env risk less serious than black men, white women or black women - findings skewed high income, education, conservative white men
  • potential penalise women eg. car use due to school run instead all car use - gendered implications carbon allowances
  • impact gender missing international level
  • issue CC framed tech/econ solution
40
Q

Sultana (2014)

A
  • m/w experience, understand, adapt CC different ways
  • gender only sometimes gets selective attention
  • issue collapsing gender-as-women
41
Q

Swim et al (2018)

A
  • male vs female env approaches - type approaches associated with gender - male econ, tech, models vs female ethical-justice frames
  • empirical testing
42
Q

Gay-Antaki and Liverman (2018)

A

Women in climate science - IPCC

43
Q

Natcher et al (2020)

A
  • growing recognition gender diversity in research organisations = innovative research
  • homogeneity gender in research undermine quality/breadth research
  • gender analysis Canada’s ArcticNet Networks Centres of Excellence - despite outnumbering male peers at graduate levels, women only 21% researchers - less integrated too
44
Q

Rastogi (2010)

A

men vs women vs planet

  • cars vs shopping
  • women take CC more seriously
  • women greener hearts but are they eco-friendly in practice - men driving more - women outspend men food, hygiene, health - sweden men responsible 2.2 metric tons more CO2 emissions than single women - USA average 30 tons CO2e women / 32 man
45
Q

Extinction Rebellion (2019)

A
  • only way to act is disruption - attention - break the law but non-violent - every day block city econ cost rises - need econ cost to make those care act
  • Caroline Lucas MP - climate breakdown is inseparable from politics - CC result failure people in power - economy built assumption nature can magically regenerate. earth’s beyond limits. fossil fuels must stay in ground. too often science + common sense abandoned for short-term econ, corporation gain. Since the Climate Change Act passed 2008, conservative-led governments have sold off the Green Investment Bank (publicly owned investor in clean energy), scrapped nationwide insulation schemes and standards for warmer homes, prevented cheapest renewables competing in the energy market, continue hand out billions in subsidies to fossil-fuel industry every year. Consumption emissions barely fallen. UK parliament’s upper chamber consists of 785 unelected members & no PR = elected representatives don’t reflect public views. 2017 GE 68% of votes not turned into seats. We no longer need to dream up creative solutions to the ecological problems we face. We have the technology.

Climate Change (2 decks)

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