Readings in Philippine History (Philhis) Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of Revolts
A
Our love for freedom Abuses of Spanish encomenderos Tribute and Tax Forced Labor Land grabbing by the Spanish Friars Basi (Wine Monopoly) Religion
2
Q
Lakandula was exempted from
A
Polo and Tribute
3
Q
What happened when Gov. gen. Guido de Laveras lifted Lakandula’s exemption in 1574
A
he resented the Spaniards and attacked Limahong and Manila.
4
Q
Is Lakandula successful in his attack? Why?
A
No, he was convinced by Salcedo to lay his arms down.
5
Q
son of Lakandula
A
Magat Salamat
6
Q
Did the son of Lakandula formed a secret society by the Filipinos of Tondo?
A
Yes.
7
Q
They have a Christian Japanese allies (___________
and ____________)
A
Dionisio Fernandez and Juan Gayo
8
Q
What is the purpose of Tondo Conspiracy in 1587?
A
They want to make Agustin de Legazpi the King of the Philippines.
9
Q
Is the Tondo Conspiracy successful? why?
A
Spies reported to the Spaniards and the plan was aborted. (Antonio Surabaw and Amarlahagi)
10
Q
What happened on October 26 1588 during the Tondo Conspiracy?
A
Leaders were executed and exhibited their bodies, others were banished to Mexico.
11
Q
How were the Muslims able to survive Spanish Colonization?
A
- The Spanish force lacked the number and military capacity to break
through the Moro kuta (defense forts); - Mindanao is far from Manila, the center of power and governance;
- Spaniards were more preoccupied in several fronts with wars or resistances
from other places; and - All followers of Islam united against the Spaniards
12
Q
wanted to return to his Religion.
The Friar curate hated this and sought help from the governor of Cebu.
A
Bankaw/Bancao
13
Q
is the Bankaw/Bancao Rebellion on 1622 successful? Why?
A
No, because he was defeated by the Spanish Officers.
He was beheaded and his head was exposed to the public.
14
Q
descendant of Lakandula started revolt in 1643 against the Spaniards in Bulacan.
A
Pedro Ladia
15
Q
What is the purpose of Ladia’s Conspiracy 1643?
A
He wanted to become the King of the Tagalogs but failed because The Friar dissuaded the people not to believe him.
16
Q
led the people of Palapag, Samar to stage a revolt against the Spaniard.
A
Agustin Sumuroy
17
Q
continued sending Visayans to Cavite for Polo.
A
Governor Diego Fajardo
18
Q
What happened during the Sumuroy Revolt?
A
They started killing their parish priest and fought in the mountain fortress.
19
Q
led the Pampangos and declared war against the Spaniards
A
Francisco Maniago
20
Q
What do Francisco did in his rebellion?
A
Maniago blocked the foods in the rivers reaching Manila.
He demanded from the Gov. gen to make peace
21
Q
Is Maniago Rebellion 1660 a success? why?
A
Yes. he succeeded and surrendered to the Spanish government.
22
Q
Persuaded by Maniago, and led the people of Lingayen and had successfully killed the Governor and other Spanish officials.
A
Maniago, Andres Malong
23
Q
Maniago, Andres Malong even proclaimed himself as
A
King of Pangasinan.
24
Q
Is the Revolt of Malong in 1660 a success? why?
A
No. When he deployed his men to Pampanga and Cagayan his forces weakened in his camp. Later he was defeated, captured and executed.
25
is Visayan who established a new religion in Panay.
Tapar
26
opposed the movement and was killed by Tapar’s men.
Fr. Francisco de Mesa
27
Is Tapar Rebellion in 1663 a success?
No. The Spanish troops also captured Tapas and his men later was executed
28
The longest revolt that lasted for 85 years
Dagohoy Revolt 1744-1828
29
How did Dagohoy Revolt started?
This rebellion started when he killed a Spanish friar who refused to give his brother a Christian burial.
30
What did Dagohoy do to start the revolt?
He and his men and the people from Bohol fled to mountains and made his own government with 20,000 followers,
31
Is Dagohoy Revolt 1744-1828 a success? Why?
No. Because In 1829 They were captured but later pardoned and lived in several villages
32
an Ilocano was imprisoned for petitioning the Spaniards for the removal of taxes being collected.
Diego Silang
33
How did Diego Silang started his revolt?
As soon he was released, he organized his own government in Vigan connived with the British to overthrow the Spaniards.
34
was bribed and killed Diego Silang.
His friend Miguel Vicos
35
continued the cause of her husband.
| She was later captured and was executed on September 20, 1763.
Gabriela Silang
36
staged revolts in Pangasinan.
Juan dela Cruz Palaris
37
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris organizes his own Government and made
Binalotongan Capital
38
Is Palaris Revolution a success? why?
No. After Silang’s death his defeat followed and was executed.
39
started revolt when Spaniards prohibited them from making Basi.
Pedro Mateo
40
Is Basi Revolt in 1807 a success?
Yes. They succeeded in defeating Spaniards in Batoc but defeated in Vigan.
41
started a religious revolt.
Apolinario dela Cruz
42
Apolinario dela Cruz is known as
Hermano Pule
43
What is the cause of the uprise of Hermano Pule in 1840-1841?
Apolinario Dela Cruz wanted to become priest and join a religious order, but he was rejected for being a Filipino.
44
Hermano Pule founded ____________ in honor to Saint Joseph
Confradi de San Jose
45
How did the Spaniard deal with The Uprising of Hermano Pule?
The Spaniards were alarm of the growing number of members, so they denounced the organization as seditious.
Pule was forced to hide in the mountains and branded as a rebel.
46
In one of Hermano Pule attack he managed to kill
Governor Ortega of Tayabas.
47
Hermano Pule was eventually captured and executed on
November 4, 1841
48
The Spaniards conquered some places in Zamboanga but not the whole Mindanao. True or False?
True
49
Spaniards spent a lot of money to prevent attacks of the Muslim, still Muslims refused to recognize Spanish government. True or False?
True
50
the greatest warrior of Mindano, who defended Lamitan in 1837
Sultan Kudarat
51
defended Jolo in 1876
Sultan Jamalul Ahlam Kiram
52
defended Cotobato in 1886-87
Datu Utto
53
Gov. gen Urbiztondo and the Sultan of Jolo with other Muslims entered a treaty.
Muslim and Spaniards Treaty 1851
54
Muslim and Spaniards Treaty 1851
- The Muslims will recognize the Spanish government and will stop from communicating to foreigners to start attacks.
- The Muslim can also practice their faith and continue their line and sultanate government and the succession of their throne.
55
With the agreement, the Spaniards successfully conquer Mindanao. True or False?
False
56
Reasons for the General Failure of the Revolts
(1) The revolts lacked coordination.
(2) The Filipinos had no leader of great ability.
(3) The Filipino rebels had insufficient arms.
(4) There was no feeling of unity and nationalism among Filipinos.
(5) Many Filipinos were more loyal to the Spaniards especially the friars than to their countrymen.
57
The Spanish way of life was introduced:
```
their clothing,
cooking,
eating habits,
forms of amusement,
Spanish words,
and Christianity
```
58
The name of a boy and girl were taken from their physical appearance or from any natural event, or object. True or False?
True
59
is not part of the person’s name.
The little word ―si
60
issued a decree in 1849 allowing the Filipinos to change their names
Governor-General Narciso Claveria
61
Spanish names such as Juan, Pedro, Sixto, Teofilo, and surnames such as Cruz, Reyes, Santos, Rivera, Santiago, San Jose, and many more, were not adopted by most Christian Filipinos. True or False?
False, it's adopted
62
The coming of the Spaniards brought the Filipinos into contact with Western culture
Spanish Influences
63
Before the coming of the Spaniards, Filipinos had no surnames. True or False?
True
64
Marriage between people of different races, castes, or religions..
Intermarriage
65
The child of the marriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called Spanish
mestizo (mestizo Español).
66
Those who belonged to the pure indigenous stock were called
―Indios‖ or ―Indias.‖
67
The social life in any Christian community during the Spanish times revolved around the ______
Church
68
The church was usually located in the worst part of the town. True or False?
False, it's in the best part of the town.
69
Beside the church was the municipal building called _______________ where the gobernadorcillo or captain held office.
tribunal (court of justice)
70
If a fiesta was to be held, the capitan had to consult the
friar-curate
71
Some of these activities included games with prizes offered to winners; the staging of plays called
moro-moro, comedia, and later, zarzuela
72
a musical stage play on the conflict between Christians and Muslims, and their resolution; romantic and humorous
moro-moro
73
another name for moro-moro
comedia
74
classic, romantic musical play on ordinary life, enriched with lessons; later with socio-political themes
Zarzuela
75
was the principal form of entertainment of the Filipino men.
Cockfighting
76
Cockfighting and form of gambling was already in the Philippines long before the Spaniards settled in the country. True or False?
True
77
Gambling introduced by spanish
panggingge, monte, tres siete, and others. Lottery, horse race, and bullfighting
78
what is popularly called today as barong Tagalog, began to be worn at this time by the ordinary menfolk.
The barong
79
In place of the original putong, the Filipino male learned to wear
Hats
80
They learned to wear a __________ in a Spanish way―made of fine material such as husi or pinya.
camisa
81
was worn by Filipino women married to Europeans and was definitely influenced by the Spanish dress.
The Mestiza Dress
82
upper transparent part called camisa which is made of silk, hemp, husi, or pineapple filaments.
lower part is called
saya or skirt
83
ultimately became a status symbol to distinguish one’s social class and race.
Clothing
84
House-types provided distinctions between the rich and the poor. True or False?
True
85
This was either a rectangular or square house made of strong materials such as first-class wood like narra, ipil, and molave.
THE ANTILLEAN HOUSES
86
The ordinary Filipino house during the Spanish period had a
banggera
87
Another improvement was the addition of the ______ which was a sort of gallery where members of the family could sit and look at the people passing by.
balcon
88
During Spanish times, the women existed as dependents of men. True or False?
True
89
the women rights over property which they enjoyed during pre-Spanish times were curtailed. True or False?
True
90
taught the Filipino women to be very obedient to their husbands, even if their husbands were cruel and immoral.
The friar-curates
91
The reason why a great majority of Filipinos converted to Catholicism was because of the adaptations made by the Catholic religion to the indigenous faith and traditions of the people. True or False?
True
92
the Mass, sacrament of baptism, marriage, prayers for the dying, among others, were similar to their ancient rituals.
The intercession through the saints was no different from the ancient way of asking deities for favors and guidance.
Catholicism did not unify the Filipinos in the real sense of the word, it nevertheless sustained their faith in the Creator or Bathala amidst adversities and sufferings as people.
Just read it lol
93
When the Spaniards came, they organized a central government through the
Plaza complex
94
A central authority ruled the whole country, except
the non-Christian areas.
95
The conquest and colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards created geographical unity for the country. True or False?
True
96
the friarcurates, the missionaries, and the Spanish civil officials and employees used Spanish words and phrases in their dealings with the people
True
97
the native languages were enriched by the incorporation of Spanish words, which have become part of everyday language or communication. True or False?
True
98
was called the ―Prince of Filipino
| Printers because of the many books he printed for the Dominicans.
Tomas Pinpin
99
Another Filipino printer who became famous was
Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay
100
was also a printer and an engraver. He printed many religious books and dictionaries.
Domingo Loag
101
became a common religion among the Filipinos, with its beliefs, own set of morality, and practices.
Catholicism
102
During the early period of Spanish rule, education was available to the majority of Filipinos. True or False?
False, education was not available to the majority of Filipinos
103
many children were still afraid to go to school because the teachers were oftentimes brutal. True or False?
True
104
With the rise of the middle class, many Filipinos were able to go to colleges like
San Juan de Letran, San Jose, and the Ateneo Municipal.
105
Filipinos were admitted to the University of Santo Tomas where they finished courses in
law, medicine, pharmacy, and surveying.
106
Spaniards allowed the Filipinos to enroll in schools and colleges, where they were taught
Latin and Spanish, arithmetic, philosophy, theology, and others.
107
the British invasion in the colony that exposed Spain’s vulnerability; True or False?
True
108
the Silang and Palaris revolts that demonstrated the capability of the regions to unite and expel the Spaniards from their territory; True or False?
True
109
the united Basi revolt in the north against Governor-General Basco’s
tobacco and wine monopolies;
110
that allowed entry of advanced technology and liberal ideas from the Americas and Europe;
the opening of foreign ports and the Suez Canal
111
the secularization movement led by ____________ secular priests to fight for the right to administer parishes that were held by Spanish regular priests True or False?
Indio and Mestizo
112
Spain and France entered into a treaty of alliance against England’s ambition for supremacy.
1761
113
sent an expedition from India, which at that time was a colony of England, to the Philippines to occupy and seize it from Spain.
The British
114
Unprepared from such a decisive attack, the Spaniards with their Filipino soldiers tried desperately to defend
Intramuros, particularly the walls of San Diego and San Andres.
115
surrendered Manila and Cavite while Simon Anda, a magistrate of the Audiencia, escaped to Pampanga to continue the resistance.
Archbishop Rojo
116
The British took over the reins of the government and guaranteed the safety of Spanish officials, the community, and property. True or False?
True
117
The Spanish defeat in the hands of the British opened the eyes of the Filipinos to the impermanence of Spanish rule in the country and to the fact that it could be challenged by force of arms. True or False?
True
118
These widespread revolts alarmed the Spanish authorities. Not long after, economic reforms were introduced.
BASI REVOLT
119
Commercial and trading venture by the Europeans soon caught the interest of
The Spanish King
120
in the haciendas and their families began to accumulate wealth.
The inquilinos or the tenants
121
a group below the aristocratic Spanish officials, families and religious orders but higher or above the masses,
the indios
122
As members of the middle class, they were able to send their children to colleges and universities in Manila and even to Europe. True or False?
True
123
composed the middle class
The ilustrados (wealthy and highly-educated Filipinos)
124
Schools for women
College of Santa Potenciana, Santa Isabel College, and the Santa Rosa College.
125
it was the ilustrados who asked for embarrassing questions about Spanish misdeeds, incompetence, inefficiency, greed and corruption. True or False?
True
126
This resulted in the shorter route and travel time between Spain and the Philippines. As a result, many Spaniards with progressive ideas migrated to the Philippines.
The opening of the suez canal?
127
Another effect of the shorter distance was the influx of progressive books and periodicals to the country.
Filipino intellectuals learned
Locke’s theory of revolution, and Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory.
128
Other liberal ideas that Filipinos learned included the following:
equality before the law, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, protection of human rights, representation in the legislature, and sovereignty of people.
129
Revolutionists were against the autocratic reign of
Queen Isabel II.
130
The fall of Queen Isabella and the triumph of liberalism in Spain in 1868 resulted in
the appointment of Carlos Maria Dela Torre as governor-general in 1869.
131
Dela Torre put into practice the liberal principles of the revolutionists in Spain.
He walked the streets of Manila in civilian clothes. This was something new at that time, because in the past, governors wore their military uniforms, complete with medals and ribbons on most occasions.
To express satisfaction and joy for the leadership of Dela Torre, some Filipinos serenaded him on the night of July 12, 1869 (Liberty Serenade of 1869).
This development was something the friars then did not like. For the first time, the Filipinos were allowed to talk about freedom and democracy openly.
READ IT
132
He was considered to be the best governor general the Philippines ever had. As a consequence of his liberal policy,
Carlos Maria Dela Torre
133
Father Burgos and other Filipino clergy were motivated to work for the ________________of parishes throughout the country.
Filipinization
134
With the restoration of the Spanish monarchy in 1870 and the return of conservatism in Spain, Dela Torre was removed from office
replaced by the reactionary (opposed to progress or reform) _____________________who boasted that he came to the Philippines with a cross in one hand and a sword in the other.
Rafael de Izquierdo
135
Those who belonged to the religious orders (Augustinians, Dominicans, Recollects, and the Franciscans).
Regular priests
136
not members of any religious order.
Secular Priests
137
Regulars have a mission to fulfil, i.e., to convert non-Christian people to Christianity. True or False?
True
138
In the Christianized areas, churches or parishes were built which the seculars administered. In the Philippines, friars not only made converts but they also occupied parishes. True or False
True
139
The relationship between regulars and seculars grew from bad to worse.
The regulars blamed the seculars by saying that the latter were not ready to administer parishes.
This caused greater enmity between them.
The Cavite Mutiny
140
on January 20, 1872, involving a number of workers and some marine detachment. The mutineers included Indios, mestizos, and criollos. They were led by La Madrid.
The Cavite Mutiny
141
They killed some Spanish soldiers and officers in the fort. An expedition to Cavite was sent to put down the rebellion.
The leaders and participants were arrested and later shot to death. The government, believing it to be a rebellion ordered the arrest of Filipinos and mestizo who were allegedly behind it.
Among those arrested were
Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora, Pedro Dandan, Toribio del Pilar, Mariano Sevilla, Agustin Mendoza, Jose Guevara, and others.
142
were jailed in Fort Santiago before they were tried for rebellion. Priests, both regular and secular, were allowed to see them. During the trial, the government failed to prove convincingly that the accused were really connected with the January Cavite mutiny. The governor general promised to present documents to prove that the three priests were guilty of rebellion which to many was actually a mutiny (open revolt against authority, especially by servicemen against officers). But he never presented any document and to this day, no document had been found to show that __________________ were, in any way, connected with the mutiny. Nevertheless, they were sentenced to death by garrote.
Gomez, Burgos and Zamora
143
Rizal who was eleven years old that time, would later dedicate his second novel,
El Filibusterismo (The Rebel) to the memory of the three martyred priests.
