Readings in Philippine History (Philhis) Flashcards
Causes of Revolts
Our love for freedom Abuses of Spanish encomenderos Tribute and Tax Forced Labor Land grabbing by the Spanish Friars Basi (Wine Monopoly) Religion
Lakandula was exempted from
Polo and Tribute
What happened when Gov. gen. Guido de Laveras lifted Lakandula’s exemption in 1574
he resented the Spaniards and attacked Limahong and Manila.
Is Lakandula successful in his attack? Why?
No, he was convinced by Salcedo to lay his arms down.
son of Lakandula
Magat Salamat
Did the son of Lakandula formed a secret society by the Filipinos of Tondo?
Yes.
They have a Christian Japanese allies (___________
and ____________)
Dionisio Fernandez and Juan Gayo
What is the purpose of Tondo Conspiracy in 1587?
They want to make Agustin de Legazpi the King of the Philippines.
Is the Tondo Conspiracy successful? why?
Spies reported to the Spaniards and the plan was aborted. (Antonio Surabaw and Amarlahagi)
What happened on October 26 1588 during the Tondo Conspiracy?
Leaders were executed and exhibited their bodies, others were banished to Mexico.
How were the Muslims able to survive Spanish Colonization?
- The Spanish force lacked the number and military capacity to break
through the Moro kuta (defense forts); - Mindanao is far from Manila, the center of power and governance;
- Spaniards were more preoccupied in several fronts with wars or resistances
from other places; and - All followers of Islam united against the Spaniards
wanted to return to his Religion.
The Friar curate hated this and sought help from the governor of Cebu.
Bankaw/Bancao
is the Bankaw/Bancao Rebellion on 1622 successful? Why?
No, because he was defeated by the Spanish Officers.
He was beheaded and his head was exposed to the public.
descendant of Lakandula started revolt in 1643 against the Spaniards in Bulacan.
Pedro Ladia
What is the purpose of Ladia’s Conspiracy 1643?
He wanted to become the King of the Tagalogs but failed because The Friar dissuaded the people not to believe him.
led the people of Palapag, Samar to stage a revolt against the Spaniard.
Agustin Sumuroy
continued sending Visayans to Cavite for Polo.
Governor Diego Fajardo
What happened during the Sumuroy Revolt?
They started killing their parish priest and fought in the mountain fortress.
led the Pampangos and declared war against the Spaniards
Francisco Maniago
What do Francisco did in his rebellion?
Maniago blocked the foods in the rivers reaching Manila.
He demanded from the Gov. gen to make peace
Is Maniago Rebellion 1660 a success? why?
Yes. he succeeded and surrendered to the Spanish government.
Persuaded by Maniago, and led the people of Lingayen and had successfully killed the Governor and other Spanish officials.
Maniago, Andres Malong
Maniago, Andres Malong even proclaimed himself as
King of Pangasinan.
Is the Revolt of Malong in 1660 a success? why?
No. When he deployed his men to Pampanga and Cagayan his forces weakened in his camp. Later he was defeated, captured and executed.
is Visayan who established a new religion in Panay.
Tapar
opposed the movement and was killed by Tapar’s men.
Fr. Francisco de Mesa
Is Tapar Rebellion in 1663 a success?
No. The Spanish troops also captured Tapas and his men later was executed
The longest revolt that lasted for 85 years
Dagohoy Revolt 1744-1828
How did Dagohoy Revolt started?
This rebellion started when he killed a Spanish friar who refused to give his brother a Christian burial.
What did Dagohoy do to start the revolt?
He and his men and the people from Bohol fled to mountains and made his own government with 20,000 followers,
Is Dagohoy Revolt 1744-1828 a success? Why?
No. Because In 1829 They were captured but later pardoned and lived in several villages
an Ilocano was imprisoned for petitioning the Spaniards for the removal of taxes being collected.
Diego Silang
How did Diego Silang started his revolt?
As soon he was released, he organized his own government in Vigan connived with the British to overthrow the Spaniards.
was bribed and killed Diego Silang.
His friend Miguel Vicos
continued the cause of her husband.
She was later captured and was executed on September 20, 1763.
Gabriela Silang
staged revolts in Pangasinan.
Juan dela Cruz Palaris
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris organizes his own Government and made
Binalotongan Capital
Is Palaris Revolution a success? why?
No. After Silang’s death his defeat followed and was executed.
started revolt when Spaniards prohibited them from making Basi.
Pedro Mateo
Is Basi Revolt in 1807 a success?
Yes. They succeeded in defeating Spaniards in Batoc but defeated in Vigan.
started a religious revolt.
Apolinario dela Cruz
Apolinario dela Cruz is known as
Hermano Pule
What is the cause of the uprise of Hermano Pule in 1840-1841?
Apolinario Dela Cruz wanted to become priest and join a religious order, but he was rejected for being a Filipino.
Hermano Pule founded ____________ in honor to Saint Joseph
Confradi de San Jose
How did the Spaniard deal with The Uprising of Hermano Pule?
The Spaniards were alarm of the growing number of members, so they denounced the organization as seditious.
Pule was forced to hide in the mountains and branded as a rebel.
In one of Hermano Pule attack he managed to kill
Governor Ortega of Tayabas.
Hermano Pule was eventually captured and executed on
November 4, 1841
The Spaniards conquered some places in Zamboanga but not the whole Mindanao. True or False?
True
Spaniards spent a lot of money to prevent attacks of the Muslim, still Muslims refused to recognize Spanish government. True or False?
True
the greatest warrior of Mindano, who defended Lamitan in 1837
Sultan Kudarat
defended Jolo in 1876
Sultan Jamalul Ahlam Kiram
defended Cotobato in 1886-87
Datu Utto
Gov. gen Urbiztondo and the Sultan of Jolo with other Muslims entered a treaty.
Muslim and Spaniards Treaty 1851
Muslim and Spaniards Treaty 1851
- The Muslims will recognize the Spanish government and will stop from communicating to foreigners to start attacks.
- The Muslim can also practice their faith and continue their line and sultanate government and the succession of their throne.
With the agreement, the Spaniards successfully conquer Mindanao. True or False?
False
Reasons for the General Failure of the Revolts
(1) The revolts lacked coordination.
(2) The Filipinos had no leader of great ability.
(3) The Filipino rebels had insufficient arms.
(4) There was no feeling of unity and nationalism among Filipinos.
(5) Many Filipinos were more loyal to the Spaniards especially the friars than to their countrymen.
The Spanish way of life was introduced:
their clothing, cooking, eating habits, forms of amusement, Spanish words, and Christianity
The name of a boy and girl were taken from their physical appearance or from any natural event, or object. True or False?
True
is not part of the person’s name.
The little word ―si
issued a decree in 1849 allowing the Filipinos to change their names
Governor-General Narciso Claveria
Spanish names such as Juan, Pedro, Sixto, Teofilo, and surnames such as Cruz, Reyes, Santos, Rivera, Santiago, San Jose, and many more, were not adopted by most Christian Filipinos. True or False?
False, it’s adopted
The coming of the Spaniards brought the Filipinos into contact with Western culture
Spanish Influences
Before the coming of the Spaniards, Filipinos had no surnames. True or False?
True
Marriage between people of different races, castes, or religions..
Intermarriage
The child of the marriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called Spanish
mestizo (mestizo Español).
Those who belonged to the pure indigenous stock were called
―Indios‖ or ―Indias.‖
The social life in any Christian community during the Spanish times revolved around the ______
Church
The church was usually located in the worst part of the town. True or False?
False, it’s in the best part of the town.
Beside the church was the municipal building called _______________ where the gobernadorcillo or captain held office.
tribunal (court of justice)
If a fiesta was to be held, the capitan had to consult the
friar-curate
Some of these activities included games with prizes offered to winners; the staging of plays called
moro-moro, comedia, and later, zarzuela
a musical stage play on the conflict between Christians and Muslims, and their resolution; romantic and humorous
moro-moro
another name for moro-moro
comedia
classic, romantic musical play on ordinary life, enriched with lessons; later with socio-political themes
Zarzuela
was the principal form of entertainment of the Filipino men.
Cockfighting
Cockfighting and form of gambling was already in the Philippines long before the Spaniards settled in the country. True or False?
True
Gambling introduced by spanish
panggingge, monte, tres siete, and others. Lottery, horse race, and bullfighting
what is popularly called today as barong Tagalog, began to be worn at this time by the ordinary menfolk.
The barong
In place of the original putong, the Filipino male learned to wear
Hats
They learned to wear a __________ in a Spanish way―made of fine material such as husi or pinya.
camisa
was worn by Filipino women married to Europeans and was definitely influenced by the Spanish dress.
The Mestiza Dress
upper transparent part called camisa which is made of silk, hemp, husi, or pineapple filaments.
lower part is called
saya or skirt
ultimately became a status symbol to distinguish one’s social class and race.
Clothing
House-types provided distinctions between the rich and the poor. True or False?
True
This was either a rectangular or square house made of strong materials such as first-class wood like narra, ipil, and molave.
THE ANTILLEAN HOUSES
The ordinary Filipino house during the Spanish period had a
banggera
Another improvement was the addition of the ______ which was a sort of gallery where members of the family could sit and look at the people passing by.
balcon
During Spanish times, the women existed as dependents of men. True or False?
True
the women rights over property which they enjoyed during pre-Spanish times were curtailed. True or False?
True
taught the Filipino women to be very obedient to their husbands, even if their husbands were cruel and immoral.
The friar-curates
The reason why a great majority of Filipinos converted to Catholicism was because of the adaptations made by the Catholic religion to the indigenous faith and traditions of the people. True or False?
True
the Mass, sacrament of baptism, marriage, prayers for the dying, among others, were similar to their ancient rituals.
The intercession through the saints was no different from the ancient way of asking deities for favors and guidance.
Catholicism did not unify the Filipinos in the real sense of the word, it nevertheless sustained their faith in the Creator or Bathala amidst adversities and sufferings as people.
Just read it lol
When the Spaniards came, they organized a central government through the
Plaza complex
A central authority ruled the whole country, except
the non-Christian areas.
The conquest and colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards created geographical unity for the country. True or False?
True
the friarcurates, the missionaries, and the Spanish civil officials and employees used Spanish words and phrases in their dealings with the people
True
the native languages were enriched by the incorporation of Spanish words, which have become part of everyday language or communication. True or False?
True
was called the ―Prince of Filipino
Printers because of the many books he printed for the Dominicans.
Tomas Pinpin
Another Filipino printer who became famous was
Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay
was also a printer and an engraver. He printed many religious books and dictionaries.
Domingo Loag
became a common religion among the Filipinos, with its beliefs, own set of morality, and practices.
Catholicism
During the early period of Spanish rule, education was available to the majority of Filipinos. True or False?
False, education was not available to the majority of Filipinos
many children were still afraid to go to school because the teachers were oftentimes brutal. True or False?
True
With the rise of the middle class, many Filipinos were able to go to colleges like
San Juan de Letran, San Jose, and the Ateneo Municipal.
Filipinos were admitted to the University of Santo Tomas where they finished courses in
law, medicine, pharmacy, and surveying.
Spaniards allowed the Filipinos to enroll in schools and colleges, where they were taught
Latin and Spanish, arithmetic, philosophy, theology, and others.
the British invasion in the colony that exposed Spain’s vulnerability; True or False?
True
the Silang and Palaris revolts that demonstrated the capability of the regions to unite and expel the Spaniards from their territory; True or False?
True
the united Basi revolt in the north against Governor-General Basco’s
tobacco and wine monopolies;
that allowed entry of advanced technology and liberal ideas from the Americas and Europe;
the opening of foreign ports and the Suez Canal
the secularization movement led by ____________ secular priests to fight for the right to administer parishes that were held by Spanish regular priests True or False?
Indio and Mestizo
Spain and France entered into a treaty of alliance against England’s ambition for supremacy.
1761
sent an expedition from India, which at that time was a colony of England, to the Philippines to occupy and seize it from Spain.
The British
Unprepared from such a decisive attack, the Spaniards with their Filipino soldiers tried desperately to defend
Intramuros, particularly the walls of San Diego and San Andres.
surrendered Manila and Cavite while Simon Anda, a magistrate of the Audiencia, escaped to Pampanga to continue the resistance.
Archbishop Rojo
The British took over the reins of the government and guaranteed the safety of Spanish officials, the community, and property. True or False?
True
The Spanish defeat in the hands of the British opened the eyes of the Filipinos to the impermanence of Spanish rule in the country and to the fact that it could be challenged by force of arms. True or False?
True
These widespread revolts alarmed the Spanish authorities. Not long after, economic reforms were introduced.
BASI REVOLT
Commercial and trading venture by the Europeans soon caught the interest of
The Spanish King
in the haciendas and their families began to accumulate wealth.
The inquilinos or the tenants
a group below the aristocratic Spanish officials, families and religious orders but higher or above the masses,
the indios
As members of the middle class, they were able to send their children to colleges and universities in Manila and even to Europe. True or False?
True
composed the middle class
The ilustrados (wealthy and highly-educated Filipinos)
Schools for women
College of Santa Potenciana, Santa Isabel College, and the Santa Rosa College.
it was the ilustrados who asked for embarrassing questions about Spanish misdeeds, incompetence, inefficiency, greed and corruption. True or False?
True
This resulted in the shorter route and travel time between Spain and the Philippines. As a result, many Spaniards with progressive ideas migrated to the Philippines.
The opening of the suez canal?
Another effect of the shorter distance was the influx of progressive books and periodicals to the country.
Filipino intellectuals learned
Locke’s theory of revolution, and Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory.
Other liberal ideas that Filipinos learned included the following:
equality before the law, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, protection of human rights, representation in the legislature, and sovereignty of people.
Revolutionists were against the autocratic reign of
Queen Isabel II.
The fall of Queen Isabella and the triumph of liberalism in Spain in 1868 resulted in
the appointment of Carlos Maria Dela Torre as governor-general in 1869.
Dela Torre put into practice the liberal principles of the revolutionists in Spain.
He walked the streets of Manila in civilian clothes. This was something new at that time, because in the past, governors wore their military uniforms, complete with medals and ribbons on most occasions.
To express satisfaction and joy for the leadership of Dela Torre, some Filipinos serenaded him on the night of July 12, 1869 (Liberty Serenade of 1869).
This development was something the friars then did not like. For the first time, the Filipinos were allowed to talk about freedom and democracy openly.
READ IT
He was considered to be the best governor general the Philippines ever had. As a consequence of his liberal policy,
Carlos Maria Dela Torre
Father Burgos and other Filipino clergy were motivated to work for the ________________of parishes throughout the country.
Filipinization
With the restoration of the Spanish monarchy in 1870 and the return of conservatism in Spain, Dela Torre was removed from office
replaced by the reactionary (opposed to progress or reform) _____________________who boasted that he came to the Philippines with a cross in one hand and a sword in the other.
Rafael de Izquierdo
Those who belonged to the religious orders (Augustinians, Dominicans, Recollects, and the Franciscans).
Regular priests
not members of any religious order.
Secular Priests
Regulars have a mission to fulfil, i.e., to convert non-Christian people to Christianity. True or False?
True
In the Christianized areas, churches or parishes were built which the seculars administered. In the Philippines, friars not only made converts but they also occupied parishes. True or False
True
The relationship between regulars and seculars grew from bad to worse.
The regulars blamed the seculars by saying that the latter were not ready to administer parishes.
This caused greater enmity between them.
The Cavite Mutiny
on January 20, 1872, involving a number of workers and some marine detachment. The mutineers included Indios, mestizos, and criollos. They were led by La Madrid.
The Cavite Mutiny
They killed some Spanish soldiers and officers in the fort. An expedition to Cavite was sent to put down the rebellion.
The leaders and participants were arrested and later shot to death. The government, believing it to be a rebellion ordered the arrest of Filipinos and mestizo who were allegedly behind it.
Among those arrested were
Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora, Pedro Dandan, Toribio del Pilar, Mariano Sevilla, Agustin Mendoza, Jose Guevara, and others.
were jailed in Fort Santiago before they were tried for rebellion. Priests, both regular and secular, were allowed to see them. During the trial, the government failed to prove convincingly that the accused were really connected with the January Cavite mutiny. The governor general promised to present documents to prove that the three priests were guilty of rebellion which to many was actually a mutiny (open revolt against authority, especially by servicemen against officers). But he never presented any document and to this day, no document had been found to show that __________________ were, in any way, connected with the mutiny. Nevertheless, they were sentenced to death by garrote.
Gomez, Burgos and Zamora
Rizal who was eleven years old that time, would later dedicate his second novel,
El Filibusterismo (The Rebel) to the memory of the three martyred priests.
