Readings

Question 1

1/3 of all prescription costs are _?

Answer 1

drugs for older adults

Question 2

physiologic changes related to aging (4)? they are a mechanism of what?

Answer 2

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

pharmacokinetics

Question 3

increase in gastric pH, a decrease in gastric blood flow, and a decrease in GI motility?

Answer 3

absorption

Question 4

total body water, an increased ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass, a decreased albumin level, and a decreased cardiac output?

Answer 4

distribution

Question 5

liver size, a decrease in liver blood flow, and a decrease in serum liver enzyme activity

Answer 5

metabolism

Question 6

creatinine clearance, decreased renal blood flow, and reduced glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 6

excretion

Question 7

what 2 things to monitor when giving drugs to old people?

Answer 7

serum creatinine

creatinine clearance

Question 8

typical creatinine clearance?

Answer 8

women: 87-107 mL/min
men: 107-139 mL/min

Question 9

policy to prevent ADE’s?

Answer 9

“start low, go slow”

Question 10

Examples to assist older adults in remembering medications?

Answer 10

associate pill taking with daily events
simple chart or calendar.
Pill boxes are available for a daily, weekly, or monthly supply of medicine that can be placed in small compartments
Egg cartons can be very cost-effective pill boxes.
Large print on the drug label assists patients who have poor vision. Writing the drug regimen on the top of the bottle with large letters and numbers is helpful for some older adults.
Colored labels or dots can also be applied

Question 11

BEERS criteria?

Answer 11

tool to assess medications in older people

Question 12

1 tsp = ml?

Answer 12

5 mL