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Pt Assess Final > Readings > Flashcards

Readings Flashcards

1
Q

WHO’s definition of “health promotion”

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, thereby improving their health

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2
Q

Methods of health promotion

A

Patient education
Identify risk factors
Routine screening tests

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3
Q

Head signs of systemic disease

A

Sunken cheeks
Wasting of temporal muscles
Flushing of face

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4
Q

Who first described goiters and when?

A

Asians 1500 BCE

Recognized that seaweed (iodine) in the diet helped make goiters small

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5
Q

MC endocrine cancer?

A

Thyroid

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6
Q

____ is the ___ leading site of new cancers in women

A

Thyroid

5th

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7
Q

What is the fastest increasing cancer occurring in both men and women?

A

Thyroid

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8
Q

85% of all head and neck cancers are linked to ____

A

Tobacco use

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9
Q

How many bones in entire skull? How many in face?

A

22

14 in face

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10
Q

Largest endocrine gland in the body

A

Thyroid

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11
Q

How many lymph nodes on each side of the neck?

A

75+

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12
Q

MC symptoms of the neck

A

Stiffness, mass

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13
Q

Midline neck masses tend to be:

A

Benign/congenital

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14
Q

Lateral neck masses tend to be:

A

Neoplastic

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15
Q

Lateral neck masses tend to be:

A

Neoplastic

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16
Q

Lateral upper neck masses may be mets from:

A

Head and neck tumors

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17
Q

Lateral lower neck masses may be mets from:

A

Breast and stomach tumors

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18
Q

MC cause of neck stiffness is:

A

Muscle sprain or strain

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19
Q

Hard thyroid gland:

A

Cancer or scarring

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20
Q

Softness/sponginess of thyroid:

A

Toxic goiter

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21
Q

Tenderness of thyroid:

A

Acute infections or hemorrhage

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22
Q

Bruit in thyroid gland

A

Toxic goiter

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23
Q

Bruit in thyroid gland

A

Toxic goiter

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24
Q

What is the MC cause of thyroid enlargement worldwide?

A

Iodine deficiency

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25
Q

Plummer’s disease

A

Single toxic nodule of thyroid

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26
Q

80-90% of thyroid cancers are what type(s)?

A

Papillary and follicular

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27
Q

What is the only thyroid cancer that develops from C cells?

A

Medullary

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28
Q

World’s leading preventable cause of blindness?

A

Trachoma (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis)

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29
Q

World’s leading preventable cause of blindness?

A

Trachoma (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis)

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30
Q

Why are many infants born with blue eyes?

A

At birth, there is little pigment in the iris

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31
Q

By what age does the iris complete pigmentation?

A

6 months

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32
Q

The lens is more ___ at birth than later in life

A

Spherical

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33
Q

Most infants are born _____ (myopic, hyperopic)?

A

Hyperopic (farsighted)

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34
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Infiltration of cholesterol deposits around the limbus of the cornea

Occurs in elderly patients

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35
Q

Hemianopsia

A

Loss of 1/2 a visual field

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36
Q

Quadrantanopsia

A

Field loss in one quadrant

“Pie in the sky”

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37
Q

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN)

A

Rapid nystagmus that occurs when eyes try to fixate on a moving target (e.g. train station sign)

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38
Q

Strabismus

A

Deviated, crossed eye

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39
Q

Esotropia

A

Deviation of an eye nasally

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40
Q

Hypertropia

A

Deviation of an eye upward

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41
Q

Alternating tropia

A

Either eye deviates

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42
Q

Amblyopia

A

Loss of visual acuity secondary to suppression (only in children)

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43
Q

How long is amblyopia reversible?

A

Until retinas are fully developed (~7 yrs old)

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44
Q

Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

A

Genetic condition of progressive symmetric ptosis and weakness of EOMs

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45
Q

Lagophthalmos

A

Inability to close eyelids completely - thyroid disease secondary to orbital infiltration

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46
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome

A

Congenital condition recognized by port wine stain (nevus flammeus) on one side of the face

Follows distribution of 1+ divisions of trigeminal nerve

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47
Q

____ have highest incidence of any malignant ocular tumor

A

Eyelids

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48
Q

95% of ocular malignancies are ____ (type)

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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49
Q

Icterus

A

Yellowish sclera d/t retention of bilirubin

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50
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Bluish sclera

Hereditary disorder w/bone fragility

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51
Q

Scleromalacia perforans

A

Uncommon

Painless appearance of dehiscences in sclera

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52
Q

Scleromalacia perforans

A

Uncommon

Painless appearance of dehiscences in sclera

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53
Q

Kayser-Fleischer ring

A

Golden to greenish-brown ring near limbus of cornea superior and inferior

Sign of Wilson’s disease (disorder of copper metabolism)

54
Q

Kayser-Fleischer ring

A

Golden to greenish-brown ring near limbus of cornea superior and inferior

Sign of Wilson’s disease (disorder of copper metabolism)

55
Q

Munson’s sign

A

Way to detect keratoconus

Pt looks downward and cone-shaped cornea becomes obvious

56
Q

Munson’s sign

A

Way to detect keratoconus

Pt looks downward and cone-shaped cornea becomes obvious

57
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil sizes

58
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Prostitute’s eye - it will accommodate but doesn’t react

Neurosyphilis

59
Q

Adie’s tonic pupil

A

dilated 3-6mm, constricts little in response to light/accommodation

60
Q

Adie’s tonic pupil

A

dilated 3-6mm, constricts little in response to light/accommodation

61
Q

Iris coloboma

A

Notch or gap in the iris

62
Q

Keratic precipitates

A

“Muddy iris”

Deposition of inflammatory cells on corneal endothelium

63
Q

“Candy cane” hyphema

A

Blood breakdown products + fresh blood creating alternating red/white hyphema

64
Q

“Candy cane” hyphema

A

Blood breakdown products + fresh blood creating alternating red/white hyphema

65
Q

Optic pit

A

Congenital small depression located temporally in 75% of cases, yellow or gray

66
Q

MC cause of blindness

A

Cataracts

67
Q

Leading cause of blindness in Americans 20-75 yo

A

Diabetic retinopathy

68
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of optic disc

69
Q

Hollenhorst plaques

A

Cholesterol emboli found at bifurcation of retinal arteries

70
Q

MC malignant tumor of retina and telltale sign

A

Retinoblastoma

Leukocoria (white pupil)

71
Q

Head tilt may signal ___ weakness

A

EOM

72
Q

MC cause of conductive hearing loss in 15-50 yo

A

Otosclerosis

73
Q

MC cause of conductive hearing loss in 15-50 yo

A

Otosclerosis

74
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Nasal spray abuse

75
Q

MC cause of anosmia

A

Nasal polyps

76
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of smell

77
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Rhinitis caused by nasal spray abuse

78
Q

MC cause of anosmia

A

Nasal polyps

79
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of smell

80
Q

Tophi

A

Deposits of uric acid crystals - appear as hard nodules in external ear

81
Q

Tophi

A

Deposits of uric acid crystals - appear as hard nodules in external ear

82
Q

Rhinophyma

A

Prominent hypertrophy of sebaceous glands of the nose

83
Q

More than 90% of ____ patients have at least 1 oral manifestation of their disease

A

HIV

84
Q

Pickwickian syndrome

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

85
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding of the teeth

86
Q

Primary dentition - how many teeth and what ages does it occur?

A

20 teeth - 6 to 30 months old

87
Q

Secondary dentition - how many teeth and what ages does it occur?

A

32 teeth - 6 to 22 years old

88
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid

89
Q

Ptyalism

A

Excessive salivation

90
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

91
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

A

Multiple telangiecactic lesions on tongue and in GI tract

92
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

Brown pigmentary changes on the lips

93
Q

Fordyce’s spots

A

Small yellow papules on buccal mucus membrane

94
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

Macerated, fissured lesions in corners of mouth

HIV pts

95
Q

What kind of disease has had largest rise of any leading cause of death?

A

Lung disease

96
Q

COPD is the ___ leading cause of death in the US over ____

A

3rd, stroke

97
Q

T/F: COPD kills more men than women.

A

False

98
Q

Uninfected sputum

A

Odorless, transparent, whitish-gray

99
Q

Infected sputum

A

Purulent, yellow/green/red

100
Q

MC cause of hemoptysis

A

Bronchitis

101
Q

Dyspnea

A

Subjective sensation of SOB

102
Q

Tachypnea

A

Objective finding of rapid breathing

103
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Classic = run to the window for “air”

Upright position improves the pt

104
Q

Platypnea

A

Rare symptom of difficulty breathing while sitting up

105
Q

Trepopnea

A

Pt is more comfortable breathing while laying on one side

106
Q

Trepopnea

A

Pt is more comfortable breathing while laying on one side

107
Q

Wheezing

A

Abnormally high pitched noise from partially blocked airway

Usually expiration

108
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh, noisy breathing usually a/w obstruction of a major bronchus

109
Q

_____ are greater than 2-fold higher in asthmatic children than general population

A

Emotional disorders

110
Q

Barrel chest

A

Increase in AP diameter

111
Q

Flail chest

A

One chest wall moves paradoxically inward during inspiration

112
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

Funnel chest

Depression of sternum

113
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

Pigeon breast

Anterior protrusion of sternum

114
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

Increased depth of breathing a/w metabolic acidosis

115
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

Increased depth of breathing a/w metabolic acidosis

116
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Heard over manubrium

Loud, high pitched, expiratory phase is louder/longer

117
Q

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

1st/2nd ICS (anterior), between scapulae posteriorly

Equal length phases

118
Q

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

1st/2nd ICS (anterior), between scapulae posteriorly

Equal length phases

119
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Soft, low pitched, heard over most lung fields, longer inspiratory

120
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal

121
Q

Crackles/rales

A

Short, discontinuous, nonmusical sounds heard mostly in inspiration

122
Q

Wheezes

A

Continous, musical, high pitched sounds mostly in expiration

123
Q

Rhonchi

A

Lower pitched, sonorous sounds

124
Q

Pleural rubs

A

Grating sound, end of inspiration/beginning of expiration

125
Q

Distant breath sounds

A

Term for “very soft” sounds

126
Q

Who created guidelines for documentation and what years?

A

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)

1995, 1997 (minor differences)

127
Q

ICD codes - define and when were they estabilished

A

International Classification of Diseases - codes reported for insurance/billing

9 was released 1979
10 was released 2013

128
Q

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)

A

Signed in 2009 by Obama to provide more $$$ for EMR development

129
Q

HIPAA was enacted by who and in what year?

A

Congress in 1996

130
Q

Types of pain scales

A

Simple descriptive, 0-10 scale, visual analog scale, face scale

131
Q

Clubbing

A

Angle between normal nail base and finger (Lovibond’s) becomes > 180 degrees

Pt Assess Final (7 decks)

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