Online Lab Modules Flashcards
Basic Metabolic Panel includes:
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarb, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose, Calcium
BMP is also called:
Chemistry panel
Chemistry screen
Chem 7
SMA 7
Sodium importance
Nerve & muscle function
Hyponatremia
Low serum Na
Almost always d/t increased intake of water
Types of hyponatremia
Hypovolemic
Euvolemic
Hypervolemic
Hypernatremia
Elevated serum Na
MC caused by failure to replace water loss
Hyperkalemia
High K
Diuretics or impaired urinary K excretion d/t kidney failure
Hyperkalemia
High K
Diuretics or impaired urinary K excretion d/t kidney failure
Bicarb
Represents acid-base balance
BUN
May reflect functioning of liver and/or kidneys
Varies inversely with GFR
Needs to be evaluated in relation to Creatinine
Creatinine
Assess renal function
Creatinine
Assess renal function (blood marker of GFR)
Increases with GFR decreases
Hypercalcemia
MC malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Seen infrequently
MC in hospitalized pts
Hypoparathyroidism
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
BMP + LFTs (total protein, albumin)
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
BMP + LFTs (total protein, albumin)
Albumin checks ___ and ___ function
Liver, kidney
Total bilirubin
Amt of bilirubin in a blood sample
Bilirubin
Brownish yellow substance found in bile - produced when liver breaks down old RBCs
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Amt of ALP enzyme in blood - made mostly in liver
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Amt of AST enzyme in blood - normally low. Tissue or organ damage causes increased release into blood
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Amt of ALT enzyme in blood - normally low.
Marker of liver damage, can also be high in gallbladder disease
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Amt of ALT enzyme in blood - normally low.
Marker of liver damage, can also be high in gallbladder disease
CBC includes:
WBC RBC Hct Hb RBC indices (MCV, MCH) *Diff WBC & platelets can be ordered specifically
Primary function of RBCs
Carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues + transfer CO2 from tissues to lungs
Polycythemia
Increased RBC
Anemia
General term for decrease in RBCs whether # of RBCs or Hb content or both
Anemia
General term for decrease in RBCs whether # of RBCs or Hb content or both
Reticulocytes
Immature form of RBCs
Reticulocytes
Immature form of RBCs
Hematocrit
% of RBCs in plasma
If RBC and hemoglobin are normal, hematocrit can be estimated as ~___ the hemoglobin
3x
Example - 10 gm Hb ~30% Hct
Hct
Can result in cardiac failure
Hct > 60%
May result in spontaneous blood clotting
To correct anemia, give ____
Packed RBCs
Given packed RBCs, hematocrit should rise approx. ____ for each unit transfused
3%
Hct is frequently obtained to assess:
Extent of significant blood loss
Hct is frequently obtained to assess:
Extent of significant blood loss
RBC indices are especially important when:
A patient has LOW hemoglobin and to determine type anemia
MCV
Mean corpuscular volume
Avg size of individual RBCs
MCV
Mean corpuscular volume
Avg size of individual RBCs
MCH
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Amt of hemoglobin in 1 RBC
MCH
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Amt of hemoglobin in 1 RBC
Decreased MCV/MCH
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
Increased MCV, variable MCH
Macrocytic anemia
Vit B12 and folic acid deficiency
WBC - granulocytes / polymorphonuclear (polys)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
WBC - agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lifespan of WBCs
13-20 days
Leukocytosis is a sign of infection, but can be masked when?
In patients taking corticosteroids
Leukopenia
Decrease WBC
Viral, bacterial, bone marrow disorders
Neutrophils function
Primary defense against bacterial infection and physiologic stress
Eosinophils function
Allergic reactions
Monocytes function
Phagocytosis in inflammation
2nd line of defense against infection
Lymphocytes function
Primary immune system component
Platelets function
Blood clotting
Thrombocytopenia
Platelets
Thrombocytopenia
Platelets
