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Pt Assess Final > Online Lab Modules > Flashcards

Online Lab Modules Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel includes:

A

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarb, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose, Calcium

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2
Q

BMP is also called:

A

Chemistry panel
Chemistry screen
Chem 7
SMA 7

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3
Q

Sodium importance

A

Nerve & muscle function

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4
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low serum Na

Almost always d/t increased intake of water

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5
Q

Types of hyponatremia

A

Hypovolemic
Euvolemic
Hypervolemic

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6
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Elevated serum Na

MC caused by failure to replace water loss

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High K

Diuretics or impaired urinary K excretion d/t kidney failure

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8
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High K

Diuretics or impaired urinary K excretion d/t kidney failure

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9
Q

Bicarb

A

Represents acid-base balance

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10
Q

BUN

A

May reflect functioning of liver and/or kidneys

Varies inversely with GFR

Needs to be evaluated in relation to Creatinine

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11
Q

Creatinine

A

Assess renal function

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12
Q

Creatinine

A

Assess renal function (blood marker of GFR)

Increases with GFR decreases

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13
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

MC malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidism

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14
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Seen infrequently
MC in hospitalized pts
Hypoparathyroidism

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15
Q

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A

BMP + LFTs (total protein, albumin)

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16
Q

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A

BMP + LFTs (total protein, albumin)

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17
Q

Albumin checks ___ and ___ function

A

Liver, kidney

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18
Q

Total bilirubin

A

Amt of bilirubin in a blood sample

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19
Q

Bilirubin

A

Brownish yellow substance found in bile - produced when liver breaks down old RBCs

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20
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

A

Amt of ALP enzyme in blood - made mostly in liver

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21
Q

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

A

Amt of AST enzyme in blood - normally low. Tissue or organ damage causes increased release into blood

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22
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

Amt of ALT enzyme in blood - normally low.

Marker of liver damage, can also be high in gallbladder disease

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23
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

Amt of ALT enzyme in blood - normally low.

Marker of liver damage, can also be high in gallbladder disease

24
Q

CBC includes:

A 
WBC
RBC
Hct
Hb
RBC indices (MCV, MCH)
*Diff WBC & platelets can be ordered specifically
25
Q

Primary function of RBCs

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues + transfer CO2 from tissues to lungs

26
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased RBC

27
Q

Anemia

A

General term for decrease in RBCs whether # of RBCs or Hb content or both

28
Q

Anemia

A

General term for decrease in RBCs whether # of RBCs or Hb content or both

29
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature form of RBCs

30
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature form of RBCs

31
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBCs in plasma

32
Q

If RBC and hemoglobin are normal, hematocrit can be estimated as ~___ the hemoglobin

A

3x

Example - 10 gm Hb ~30% Hct

33
Q

Hct

A

Can result in cardiac failure

34
Q

Hct > 60%

A

May result in spontaneous blood clotting

35
Q

To correct anemia, give ____

A

Packed RBCs

36
Q

Given packed RBCs, hematocrit should rise approx. ____ for each unit transfused

A

3%

37
Q

Hct is frequently obtained to assess:

A

Extent of significant blood loss

38
Q

Hct is frequently obtained to assess:

A

Extent of significant blood loss

39
Q

RBC indices are especially important when:

A

A patient has LOW hemoglobin and to determine type anemia

40
Q

MCV

A

Mean corpuscular volume

Avg size of individual RBCs

41
Q

MCV

A

Mean corpuscular volume

Avg size of individual RBCs

42
Q

MCH

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Amt of hemoglobin in 1 RBC

43
Q

MCH

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Amt of hemoglobin in 1 RBC

44
Q

Decreased MCV/MCH

A

Microcytic anemia

Iron deficiency

45
Q

Increased MCV, variable MCH

A

Macrocytic anemia

Vit B12 and folic acid deficiency

46
Q

WBC - granulocytes / polymorphonuclear (polys)

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

47
Q

WBC - agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

48
Q

Lifespan of WBCs

A

13-20 days

49
Q

Leukocytosis is a sign of infection, but can be masked when?

A

In patients taking corticosteroids

50
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease WBC

Viral, bacterial, bone marrow disorders

51
Q

Neutrophils function

A

Primary defense against bacterial infection and physiologic stress

52
Q

Eosinophils function

A

Allergic reactions

53
Q

Monocytes function

A

Phagocytosis in inflammation

2nd line of defense against infection

54
Q

Lymphocytes function

A

Primary immune system component

55
Q

Platelets function

A

Blood clotting

56
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Platelets

57
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Platelets

Pt Assess Final (7 decks)

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