Readings

Question 1

Conflicting Aims

Answer 1

When one group can achieve its ends only at the expense of the other; causes hostility among groups.

Question 2

Common Ends

Answer 2

A shared goal between two individuals/groups; causes harmony.

Question 3

Sociograms

Answer 3

Chart design used to show relationships, in this specific case showed the relationships within the hierarchies established among two camp groups.

Question 4

Pretrial Detention

Answer 4

People held in detention cells due to inability to pay set bail and are unlikely to return to court hearings; technically innocent in the eyes of the law and simply awaiting resolution to their case.

Question 5

Plea of Guilty

Answer 5

Giving up trial rights while pleading guilty to a case (ex. right to remain silent, right to have prosecutor prove guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, pleading guilty freely)

Question 6

Mob Violence

Answer 6

Method of terrorizing a population, keeping people in place, and in some cases, force some to abandon religious or political convictions.

Question 7

Obedience to Authority

Answer 7

In the Milgram Experiment, ordinary citizens continued to listen to authority figure in shocking victims despie their conscience wanting not to

Question 8

Responsibility

Answer 8

Proper allocation of moral praise and blame.

Question 9

Bureaucracy

Answer 9

Management or administration marked by hierarchical authority among numberous offices and by fixed procedures.

Question 10

Autonomously Generated Aggression

Answer 10

Aggression that comes from within an individual without provocation.

Question 11

Fatalism

Answer 11

The belief that all things and events are inevitable and therefore out of one’s control.

Question 12

Situational Determinants

Answer 12

What are considered the breeding grounds/conditions that can change a person.

Question 13

Homicide Rates

Answer 13

Increase after wars due to violent ways of conflict resolution (shows how retaliation at the national level can encourage individual hostility)

Question 14

Skepticism

Answer 14

Doubt as to the truth of something.

Question 15

Just-World Belief/Theory

Answer 15

The belief that the world is orderly and stable, rewards bestowed to individuals that judiciously strive for them while punishments for those who deserve them (can apply on an individual level as well as a systemic level, and doesn’t only apply to phenomenon that are social in nature).

Question 16

Defensive Responses

Answer 16

Individuals response when their belief in a just world is threatened (means of resolving the threat), can include dismissal, denial, and rationalization of the information

Question 17

Dire Messages Impact

Answer 17

Reduce people’s willingness to combat global warming due to individuals’ need to believe in a just world being threatened.

Question 18

Intersectionality Theory

Answer 18

Suggests that many societal stereotypes uniquely pertain to the intersection of multiple identities, including race or ethnicity in combination with gender.

Question 19

Stereotypes

Answer 19

Not necessarily accurate overgeneralizations of members of a group and possibly ignoring other important information about individuals within said group.

Question 20

Automatic Stereotype Activation

Answer 20

When cognitive resources are limited, even individuals with low levels of prejudice end up activating and applying stereotypes.

Question 21

Implicit Stereotypes

Answer 21

Stereotypes outside of conscious awareness.

Question 22

Archetypes

Answer 22

A typical perceived image/portrayal

Question 23

Loneliness

Answer 23

Social deficit; subjective state of discomfort

Question 24

Morbidity

Answer 24

Illness or disease

Question 25

Mortality

Answer 25

Death

Question 26

Social Connection (coversely social disconnection)

Answer 26

An umbrella term that encompasses the structure, fuctions, and quality of social relationships.

Question 27

Social Disconnection

Answer 27

Loneliness, social isolation; associated with long term consequences like dying earlier

Question 28

Social Assets

Answer 28

Social support, social integration

Question 29

Bradford Hill Guidelines

Answer 29

A framework with nine guidelines for determining whether a particular variable causes a particular outcome

Question 30

Social Science

Answer 30

Study of society and social relationships.