Reading Terms and Definitions Flashcards
phoneme
smallest part of the spoke language that makes a difference in the meaning of words.
english has about 41 phonemes (most words have more than one phoneme)
phoneme manipulation
when children work with phonemes in words, they are manipulating phonemes.
blending phonemes to make words segmenting words into phonemes deleting phonemes from words adding phonemes to words substituting one phoneme for another to make new word
grapheme
smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word.
can be just one letter (such as b, d, f, p, s) or several letters (such as ch, sh, th, -ck, ea, -igh).
phonics
the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (the sound of spoken language) and grapheme (the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language).
phonemic awareness
the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds- phonemes, in spoken words.
encompasses awareness of other aspects of sound, such as rhyming, alliteration, intonation.
phonological awareness
a broad term that includes phonemic awareness. in addition to phonemes, activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes.
syllable
a word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken language, a vowel sound (e-vent, news-pa-paer, ver-y).
decoding
the analysis of spoken or written symbols in order to understand their meaning.
primarily refers to word identification.
segmenting (segmentation)
when children break words into their individual phonemes, they are segmenting the words.
also segmenting when they break words into syllables and syllables into onsets and rimes.
onset and rime
part of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes.
onset: the initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (b- of bag, sw- of swim)
rime: the part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (-ag of bag, -im of swim)
blending
combine individual phonemes to form words (blending the phonemes)
blending when combining onsets and rimes to make syllables and combine syllables to make words.
morpheme
unit of meaning that cannot be divided into smaller elements (such as the word, book)
semantics
the analysis and study of meanings of words, phrases, and sentences.
a useful strategy in decoding to analyze the word that “sounds” correct in a sentence.
syntax
the examination of various ways that words combine to create meaning, the study of how sentences are formed, and how the pattern or structure of word order in sentences.
