Reading Study Guide Flashcards
What is the approximate weight of the adult human brain? What percentage of total body weight does it account for?
1.5kg; 2%
The brain uses approximately what percentage of the body’s total energy expenditure?
1/5
Myelinated nerve fibers (axons) largely make up the ____ matter of the brain, whereas ____ matter is dense with cell bodies and dendrites
White; Grey
The white matter fiber tract that allows for the passage of information between the two hemispheres of the brain is called…
Coropus callosum
The bumpy surface of the cortex that is made up of raised ridges are the ____ whereas the grooved indentations are the ____
Gyri; Sulci
Four major lobes of the cerebral cortex
- Frontal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
What are the names of the regions of the vertebral column?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
The most common type of stroke, which occurs when normal blood flow in the brain is interrupted, is called an ____ stroke
Ischemic
A ____ stroke is caused by the rupturing of a blood vessel in the brain that causes bleeding and an increase in intracranial pressure
Hemorrhagic
Compared to the outside of the cell, the inside of most cells has a ____ charge
Negative
The resting membrane potential of most cells is between ____ mV and ____ mV, with the average membrane potential being ____ mV.
-50; -90; -70
The creation of new neurons, a process called ____, is very limited in the mature, adult nervous system.
Neurogenesis
In what two brain areas has neurogenesis been most frequently documented?
Olfactory system & Hippocampus
What is plasticity?
The ability for the brain to alter its morphology
Ribosomes, which are attached to the ____ in all cells, are the sites where messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated and coded into ____.
ER; Proteins
The specialized portion of the axon that is located at its junction with the cell body is the ____ ____.
Axon hillock
What is another name for the axon terminal?
Terminal bouton
A specialized region of the axon terminal called the ____ ____ contains a variety of proteins that are important for the process of neurotransmitter release.
Active zone
Astrocytes densely express ____ ____ ____ ____ (GFAP), which is a protein that scientists use as a marker for differentiating astrocytes from other cell populations in the nervous system.
Glial fibrillation acidic protein
