Reading/Reading Disorders

Question 1

2 processes involved in reading

Answer 1

Whole-word reading
Phonetic reading

Question 2

Whole-word reading

Answer 2

Direct recognition of a word as a whole
Able to recognize and pronounce familiar words we have learned

Question 3

Phonetic reading

Answer 3

Sound out words by letter
Used for acquisition of unfamiliar words and requires recognition of individual letters

Question 4

Surface dyslexia

Answer 4

Deficit in whole-word reading
Errors related to visual appearance of the words and pronunciation rules, but not meaning of words
Have to sound out words
“Regular” spelling is ok (cat)
“Irregular” spelling is harder (yacht)
Associated with dysfunction in the visual word form area of the brain

Question 5

Phonological dyslexia

Answer 5

Symptoms are opposite of surface dyslexia
Can read through whole-words but cannot sound out words
Unfamiliar words are hard
Associated with dysfunction in the visual word form area

Question 6

Direct dyslexia

Answer 6

Individuals with this disorder can read aloud even though they don’t understand what they are saying
Like transcortical sensory aphasia, except words are written
Associated with dysfunction in the left frontal and left temporal lobes