Reading Quiz Chapter7 Flashcards
4 reasons why a sense of independence began before the war
sailing took a long time; survivors felt physically and spiritually separated from Europe; colonists felt more independent; many began to think of themselves as Americans
Mercantilism
England imported raw materials from the colonies and the colonies were only allowed to export to England
When were Navigation Laws first enacted?
1650
What did the Navigation Laws do?
restrict commerce from the colonies to England and back to only English ships; other European goods had to be shipped from England; enumerated goods could only be shipped to England
What happened to settlers’ manufacturing?
they were restricted because they could not make goods to export
What happened to currency in the colonies?
gold and silver were being drained out of America; colonists started their own currency which eventually depreciated
What could the Privy Council do?
void laws
What happened until 1763 that made the Navigation Laws not as bad?
salutary neglect
Who made a fortune through smuggling?
John Hancock
What were the merits of Mercantilism?
salutary neglect; tobacco monopoly; self-government; free mighty army; repressive laws were not enforced
Menace of Mercantilism
Americans couldn’t buy, sell, ship, or manufacture under favorable conditions; colonies were paid poorly; England was milking colonies for all of their worth
What caused the Stamp Act?
debt from the French and Indian War
Who ordered that the Navigation Laws be enforced?
George Grenvile
Sugar Act
1764; increased duty on foreign sugar imports
Quartering Act
1765; required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops
Stamp Act
1765; only special stamps could be used; effectively a tax
America’s reaction to Stamp Act
they were unfairly taxed; claimed No taxation without representation
Virtual Representation
Parliament represented all British citizens
Stamp Act Congress
1765; 9/13 colonies met in New York City to discuss the Stamp Tax; ignored in Britain; step toward colonial unity
Actions of Sons and Daughters of Liberty
tarring and feathering violators; stormed houses; wanted repeal of Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
1766; after Stamp Act repealed; allowed Parliament to have complete control of the colonies
Townshend Acts
1767; taxes on lead, paper, paint and tea; all later repealed except for tea
What happened to NY’s legislature in 1767?
suspended for failure to comply with the Quartering Act
Why did England have to send troops to the colonies?
Because colonists were smuggling tea
Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770; colonists harassed soldiers; soldiers opened fire killing innocent citizens and slave Crispus Attucks; only two soldiers were prosecuted
Committees of Correspondence
set up to spread propaganda and keep rebellious moods; started by Sam Adams
Boston Tea Party
December 16, 1773; Sam Adams leads colonists dressed as Indians and dumps tea into the ocean; done in Annapolis;
Intolerable Acts
1774; Parliament passed a series of Repressive Acts; Boston Port was closed; self-government was limited; charter to Mass was revoked
Quebec Act
allowed French-Canadians to practice Catholicism; extended Quebec to the Ohio River; made Americans mad
1st Continental Congress
Sept 5 to Oct 26, 1774; came up with a list of grievances; Georgia did not send a rep; came up if Declaration of Rights
Shot Heard Round the World
April 1775; British commander sent troops to seize supplies and capture Sam Adams and John Hancock near Lexington and Concord; minutemen fought back and ambushed the British
England’s Strengths and Weaknesses
more people; more money; better navy; Hessians, Loyalists and Native Americans; France was waiting to get back at Britain; Brits had not desire to kill Americans; generals were second-rate; provisions were scarce; America was expansive
Americans Strengths
great leaders, French aid, Marquis de Lafayette; colonials fought in a defensive manner; better marksmen; better moral
Americans Disadvantages
lacked unity; jealousy; no money; no navy
What were the Americans in desperate need of?
clothing; wool; wagons and other supplies
Who whipped the soldiers into shape?
Baron von Steuben
Blacks in the War
5000 enlisted with the Americans; Lord Dunmore in 1775 said that all blacks who enlisted with the crown would receive their freedom; 1400 Blacks were evacuated to Nova Scotia, Jamaica and England
