Reading/Language Arts Flashcards
alphabetic principle
the alphabetic principle is the understanding that letters represent sounds which form words; it is the knowledge of predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds
anecdotal record
a factual written record of a person’s conduct, based on succinct, spontaneous, and descriptive observations made by an onlooker. This constitutes the person’s view of an individual - as opposed to specific assessments
background knowledge
information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem
compare and contrast
to look closely at something in order to show likenesses and differences. compare is used for showing the likenesses between two or more things. compare these sofas for size and comfort. contrast is used for showing the differences and especially the characteristics which are opposite
cloze procedure
a reading comprehension activity in which words are omitted from a passage and students are required to fill in the blanks. this procedure is incredibly useful in reading instruction because it can be easily done by any teacher and provides valuable reading comprehension information
comprehension
an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something
concept of print
the awareness of how print works including emerging knowledge about books, print, and written language, and how we use them
concept web
visual diagrams that connect abstract ideas. students use these to connect prior knowledge and experiences to new information. to create a concept web, draw a central circle
conferencing
when a teacher is conferencing with a student or a small group of students, they are working on skills that need to be reinforced or skills that will provide enrichment. there are many benefits to conferencing with students: conferences provide individualized instruction for each student. conferences can provide insight into what the student is doing while reading and writing. conferences can help the teacher investigate student knowledge. conferencing can help assess the student. conferencing can provide reinforcement and/or enrichment of skills. conferencing can help students improve their reading level
context clues
hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words
decodeable text
a type of text often used in beginning reading instruction. decodable texts are carefully sequenced to progressively incorporate words that are consistent with the letters and corresponding phonemes that have been taught to the new reader
decoding
the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words. understanding these relationships gives children the ability to recognize familiar words quickly and to figure out words they haven’t seen before
detail
developmentally appropriate
the practice of making a curriculum based on what students are able to do cognitively, physically and emotionally at a certain age
during-reading
to interact with the text and to monitor (keep track of) comprehension, paying attention to points at which the material is not clear or the terms are not familiar: https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/comprehension/process/during
dyslexia
a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. it is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. these difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. the 4 types of dyslexia include phonological dyslexia, surface dyslexia, rapid naming deficit, and double deficit dyslexia: https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are_the_4_types_of_dyslexia/article.htm
emergent literacy
the idea that learning literacy actually begins at a very early age, long before official lessons in school. this term is used to describe the knowledge a child has of reading and writing before reaching the age where those skills are taught. emergent literacy argues that right after birth, children are already in the process of becoming literate: https://study.com/academy/lesson/emergent-literacy-definition-theories-characteristics.html
expository text
non-fiction texts that give facts and information about a topic. these academic texts are common in subjects such as science, history and social sciences
fluency
the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. in order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether they are reading aloud or silently
graphic organizer
a visual and graphic display that depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task. graphic organizers are also sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizers, or concept diagrams
inference
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
informal reading inventory (IRI)
an individually-administered diagnostic tool that assesses a student’s reading comprehension and reading accuracy. the IRI measures three reading levels: independent, instructional and frustrational: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/informal-reading-inventory-qualitative-reading-inventory
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