reading flash cards
what is cerebral edema
accumulation of fluids within the brain
what is a stroke
cessation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen-glucose deprivation sets in motion a series of pathological events.
what kind of stroke produce cerebral edema
Ischemic strokes
when does cerebral edema reach is max
3-4 day after insult
what is the result of cerebral edema
Result of tissue necrosis and widespread rupture of cell membranes with movement of fluid from the blood into brain tissues.
what are the Clinical signs of elevating intracranial pressure (ICP)
o decreasing level of consciousness (stupor and coma),
o widened pulse pressure,
o increased heart rate,
o irregular respirations (Cheyne-Stokes respirations),
o vomiting, unreacting pupils (cranial nerve [CN] III signs)
o Papilledema.
what is a Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain
how long does a TIA last
Few min to hour but do not last more than 24hrs
what is a Deteriorating stroke
refers to the patient whose neurological status deteriorates after admission to the hospital.
what is consider a young stroke
less than 45 years old
what is - Fluent aphasia
wernickes
what is - Nonfluent aphasia
brocas
what is - Dysphagia
inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing
Swallowing dysfunction of the oral stage whihc CN
CN V [trigeminal], CN VII [facial])
Pharyngeal stage dysphalogia - which CN
CN IX [glossopharyngeal], CN X [vagus], and CN XI [accessory])
o oral and pharyngeal dysphalogia - which CN
CN XII [hypoglossal])
what does NPO mean
nothing by mouth
cognitive dysfunction with stroke is associated with
Result of lesions affecting the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and limbic cortex
what stays intact STM or LTM
STM effect
LTM stays
STM issue due to what area of the brain
lesion in the limbic system, limbic associated cortex, or temporal lobes
LTM is due to a issue where in the brain
the hippocampus
what is confabulation
memory gaps may be filled with inappropriate words or fabricated stories
what is Preservation
the continue rep of words, thoughts, or actions that are not related to current context
the pt gets stuck
what is the brain issue that causes preservation
prefrontal/premotor
what is multi-infract dementia
impairments in memory and cognition, fluctuates in function
results from multiple small infarcts of the brain
what is delirium
acute confusional state
Hallucinations are common
when is delirium most often see in stroke
More freq seen in the acute stage of stroke
what is Pseudobulbar affect (PBA)
emotional outbursts of uncontrolled or exaggerated laughing or crying that are inconsistent with mood.
what is apathy
shallow affect and blunted emotional responses
what is Euphoria
exaggerated feeling of well being
what do we see with Left hemisphere lesions (right hemiplegia)
demonstrate difficulties in communication and in processing information in a sequential, linear manner.
(language)
what do we see with Right hemisphere lesions (left hemiplegia)
demonstrate difficulty in spatialperceptual tasks and in grasping the whole idea of a task or activity. (neglect)
o Frequently described as quick and impulsive
o Tend to overestimate their abilities
what is agnosia
our brain can’t recognize something, even though your senses can detect it
Loss of the ability to identify objects or people.
Visual perceptual deficits include
body scheme/body image,
spatial relations,
agnosia
what brain issue is visual perceptual deficits due to
right partial cortex
what is Body scheme
the postural model of the body, relationship of each body part to each other
what is Body image
the visual and mental image of ones’ body
what is Spatial relations syndrome
group of impairments that have in common a difficulty in perceiving the relationship between the self and two or more objects in the environment.
what is - Unilateral neglect
lack of awareness of part of the body or the external environment
