cognitive impairments - TBI Flashcards
what is attention
the ability to select and attend to specific stimulus while simultaneously supressing extraneous stimuli
what is sustained attention
the capacity to attend to relevant information during an activity
the ability to remain focused on a continus, rep activity in the absence of distractions
can be measure in time
what is selective attention
the capacity to attend to a task despite environmental visual or auditory stimuli
maintains focus in the presence of environmental distractions
what is alternating attention
the ability to flex between tasks and respond approciatly to the demand of each task
the ability to switch between tasks that have different cognitive components
divided attention
the ability to respond simultaneously to two or more tasks or stimuli when the stimuli are relevant
the ability to perform more then one task simultaneously
dual tasking - two tasks at the same time
recovery approach to attention deficits
teach the pt to scan the environment in a slow manner
setting time or speed limits to a task
amp of a critical stim to make it more salient to the patient
the environment should be graded from closed to open, progressing to a more distracting visual and auditory as the pt improves
compensation approach for attention deficit
modify the environment
decrease noise
eliminate distracting stimuli
what is memory
mental process that allows the individual to store experiences and preceptions for recall later
what is immediate recall
the retention of information that has been stored for only a few seconds
what is STM
good: remebers things that were told to them a few min, hours, days ago
bad: pt has no carry over
what is LTM
good: early memories and information aquired over a period of years
bad: pt has a hard time recalling things that occured years ago such as a childs birthday
what is declarative memory
explicit memory - concious
things that you know that you can tell others
episodic: experienced events
semantic: knowledge, facts
what is non-declarative memory
non-explicit memory - non-concious
thing that you can show by doing
procedural: skills and actions
emtional conditioning
what are some treatment consideration for someone with memory issues
keep things written and allow the patient to refer to it
environmental aides: calendar, clock
consistent schedule
FAQ sign in the pt’s room
what is executive functioning
the capicity of a person to engage in successful, idependent, purposeful behavior
what are the four component that make up executive functioning
volition
planning
purposive action
effective perfromance
what is volition
the ability to determine what one needs and wants to do, social awareness, self awareness, and environmental awareness
what is planning
the capcity to determine what one want to do
executive functioning impairment - incitation
starting tasks
executive functioning impairment - inhibition
over response to stimuli, persevation
executive functioning impairment - sustained attention
persisting in tasks
maintaining working memory
what is working memory
the small amount of information that can be held in mind and used in the execution of cognitive tasks
executive functioning impairment - organization
hard time ID goals
planning.seq
timing
executive functioning impairment - fluency/flexablity
hard time coming up with solutions and solving problems
executive functioning impairment - awareness
hard time with self eval and insight
meta cog deficits
hard time dividing attention
inability to generalize
decrease safety awareness and judgment
poor insight oto condition
problem solving deficits
treatment consideration for cog deficits
dual tasking
pathfinding
carry out a series of tasks/commands
community reintergration
what is the timed up and go dual task
cog aspect: count back from one hundred from 3
manual: carry a cup of full water
what is the walking while talking test
simple: ABCs outloud
complex: alternative letters of the ABC aloud
