READING DOMAIN #2- WORD ANALYSIS

Question 1

WORD ANALYSIS-competency #3-
understand the role of phonological and phonemic awareness in reading development and how to develop students’ phonological and phonemic awareness skills

Answer 1

1/ demonstrate knowledge of the role of phonological and phonemic awareness in reading development

Question 2

competency 3-

Answer 2

2. recognize the distinction between phonological awareness (for example: the awareness that oral lang. is composed of smaller units, such as spoken words and syllables) phonemic awareness (a specific type of phonological awareness involving the ability to distinguish the seperate phonemes in a spoken word

Question 3

competency 3-

Answer 3

3. demonstrate knowledge of the continuum of research based, systematic, explicit instruction in phonological awareness (detecting and identifying word boundaries, syllables, rhyming words, onset/rime) including phonemic awareness (recognizing that words are made up of separate phonemes; distinguishing initial, medial, and final phonemes; blending, segmenting, deleting, and substituting phonemes)

Question 4

competency 3-

Answer 4

4. recognize the relationship between phonemic awareness and the development of phonics knowledge and skills (letter sound correspondance, blending) and demonstrate knowledge of strategies for helping students make explicit connections between their phonemic awareness and letters (teaching phonemic awareness both preceding instruction in letter knowledge and in concert with instruction in the alphabetic principle and letter sound correspondance

Question 5

competency 3

Answer 5

5. demonstrate knowledge of how to address the full range of learners in the classroom with respect to their development of phonological awarenss, including phonemic awareness (universal access )

Question 6

competency 3 - 
#5 examples

Answer 6

a. providing differientiated instruction in phonological awareness, including phonemic awareness, to address the needs of struggling readers and students with reading difficulties or disabilities (ex: focusing on key skills, especially blending and segmenting; reteaching skills that are lacking; using a variety of concrete examples to explain a concept or task; providing addtl practice)

Question 7

competency 3 - 
#5 examples

Answer 7

b. providing diff. instruction in phonological awareness, including phonemic awareness, to support students with special needs (using a variety of concrete examples to explain a concept or task, including using visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile techniques; reteaching skills that are lacking; providing addtl practice)

Question 8

competency 3 - 
#5 examples

Answer 8

c. providing diff. instruction in phonological awareness, including phonemic awareness, to address the needs of EL and speakers of non standard english (ex: capitalizing on transfer of relevant knowledge and skills from the primary lang. explicitly teaching nontransferrable phonemes and phoneme sequences)

Question 9

competency 3 - 
#5 examples

Answer 9

d. providing diff. instruction in phonolgoical awareness, including phonemic awareness, to address the needs of advanced learners (ex: increasing the pace of instruction, building on and extending current skills)

Question 10

competency 3

Answer 10

6- demonstrate knowledge and ability in assessment (ex: entry level assessment, monitoring of progress, and summative assessment) with respect to phonological awareness including phonemic awareness.

Question 11

competency 3- #6 examples

Answer 11

a. demonstrating ability to describe and use appropriate formal and informal assessments in phonological awarenss, including phonemic awareness for diff. assessment purposes (ex: entry level assessments, monitoring of progress, and summative assessment)

Question 12

competency 3- #6 examples

Answer 12

b. demonstrating ability to analyze and interpret results from these assessments

Question 13

competency 3- #6 examples

Answer 13

c. demonstrating ability to use the results of assessments to plan effective instruction and interventions in phonological awareness, including phonemic awareness, adjust instruction and interventions to meet the identified needs of students; and ultimately determine whether relevant standards have been met

Question 14

competency #3- 3.1 What is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?

Answer 14

• phonological awareness is the awareness that oral lang. is composed of smaller units such as spoken words and syllables
• phonemic awareness is a specific type of phonological awareness involving the ability to distinguish the separate phonemes in a spoken word

Question 15

competency #3- 3.2 What part does phonemic awareness play in learning to read?

Answer 15

• phonemic awareness is the awareness of the sounds (phonemes) that make up spoken words
• phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds.
• phonemic awareness is more highly related to learning to read than general intelligence, reading readiness or listening comprehension (stanovich)
• phonemic awareness can be directly taught so that a begninning or poor reader can learn that words are composed of phonemics or speech sounds. (adams)
• students must be able to percieve and produce the specific sounds of the EL and understand how the system works
• phonemic awareness can imporve students’ word reading and reading comprehension
• phonemic awareness helps students learn to spell

Question 16

competency 3- 3.3 What do teachers need to know concerning phonemic awareness?

Answer 16

1. the english sound system, including the consonant and vowel phonemes of english.
2. how to assess student needs in auditory awareness, and discrimination of sounds and spoken language (ex: phonemic awareness survey, yopp singer)
3. how to plan systematic, explicit instruction
4. how to choose materials and activities to assist in the udnerstanding and the manipulation of sounds (phonological awareness)
5. a system for comparing speech sounds in other languages with the speech sounds in english thus contrasts can be made exploicit for EL when appropriate

Question 17

competency 3- 3.4 What is the role of phonemic awareness in learning to read?

Answer 17

A few possible answers are as follow :

• it is a predictor of success in learning to read (adams)
• phonemes, the smallest untis in spoken lang. are identified, practiced, and manipulated.
• the phonemic awareness instructional progression includes words, syllables, onsets, and rimes, and phonemes.

Question 18

competency 3- 3.5 What instruction can be presented to assist in the develpment of phonemic awareness?

Answer 18

• awareness that words are made up of sounds
• awareness of the english sounds system, consonant, and vowel phonemes in english
• auditory awareness and discrimination of sounds, identifying and categorizing phonemes
• word awareness )recognize word boundaries) syllable awareness
• instructions and practice in phoneme awareness (rhymes, blending sounds, substituing sounds, segmenting sounds in a word, deleting sounds)
• selection of appropriate materials and activites for teaching phonemic awareness skills

Question 19

competency 3- 3.6 How can a teacher plan direct systematic, explicit, and implicit instructions in phonemica awareness?

Answer 19

• instruction should be structured and planned using assessment data of student need in phonemic awareness developmental progression
• plan should address assessment data, academic standards and pacing guide and other curriculum variables.
• present direct, explicit instruction in phonemic awareness. include a variety of lessons in phonemic awareness skills, such as sound manipulation and identification, comparison blending, substitution and segmentation, and onsets, and rimes.
• focus instruction on only on or two types of phoneme manipulation at a time.
• select activities and materical to make the connection between oral language and print (big books, songs, aliteration, word play)
• knowledge of instructional strategies for teaching phonemic awareness both before and during beginning reading
• provide meaningful practice in phonemic awareness skills
• plan ongoing assessment to demonstrate student progress toward mastery of state standards

Question 20

competency 3- 3.7 How can a teacher address the full range of learners in the classroom with respect to their development of phonological awareness, including phonemic awareness?

Answer 20

• review assessment data to determine in which dskills the student is lacking awareness (segmenting, blending, rhyming etc.)
• group students according ot their awareness
• modify pacing
• modify complexity but ensure the content remains rigourous
• include a variety of oral lang games and activities that manipulate beginning, medial, and ending sounds.