Reading Development

Question 1

What is needed to read fluently?

Answer 1

accuracy = knowledge of letter/sound correspondences and common spelling patterns
Efficiency - words recognized automatically when reading connected speech

Question 2

Verbal Effeciency Hypothesis

Answer 2

we have limited cognitive resources for processing that’s involved in reading
processes for reading words and understanding texts have same amount of processing capacity
decoding skills must be automatic to read for meaning and comprehension
* reading slowly and with a lot of effort leads to not understanding the text

Question 3

Kilpatrick’s summary

Answer 3

Preschoolers learn letter names through phonolgical and visual memory skills
alphabet knowledge with phonolgical awareness helps produce letter-sound correspondence
using letter/sound correspondence and phonological awareness helps sound out words via phonic decoding (phoneme segmentation + blending)
phonic decoding promotes more advanced phonemic awareness through 1st grade
as phonemic awareness advances, there’s a dramatic increase in speech and efficiency in developing sight words
more words added to sight words = more fluent in reading
reading fluency increases due to word-level reading is more effertless, allowing for reading comprehension

Question 4

Book Concepts

Answer 4

holding book right side up, turning 1 page at a time, front cover, back cover, title, author, illustrator
understand that print carries a message
understand that what we say is divided inot words ( spaces separate written words)

Question 5

Directionality Concepts

Answer 5

front to back, top to bottom, left to right, return sweep

Question 6

Concepts of word

Answer 6

first word, last word, one word two words, long word, short word

Question 7

Concepts of Letter

Answer 7

AKA alphabet knowledge (the ability to identify and name letters)
first letter in a word, last letter in a word,
letter names (usually learned before letter shapes and sounds)

Question 8

Concepts of Punctuation

Answer 8

like period, question mark, exclamation point, quotation marks, commas

Question 9

Unconscious phonological Processes

Answer 9

constantly active during all listening and speaking tasks
are acquired naturally

Question 10

Consious phonological processes

Answer 10

typically requires explicit instruction

Question 11

phonological awareness development

Answer 11

in spoken langauge, goes from words, syllables, onset/rime, and phoneme
starts at age 4 to 4+

Question 12

Decoding Development

Answer 12

children are aware of segmental nature of spoken language
develop phonological and phonemic awareness
develop alphabet knowledge
develop phonetic proficiency (letter/sound knowledge)

Phonic decoding = letter/sound knowledge + blending+ activation of meaning
this leads to orthographic mapping

Question 13

Decoding

Answer 13

first: stores images of individual letters and sounds
2nd: stores larger and larger chunks
3rd: includes regular and irregular words/spellings

Question 14

Decoding Development: Consonants

Answer 14

easy to hard:
1. letter name/knowledge
2. single consonants
3. consonant blends
4. consonant digraphs and trigraphs
5. silent letter patterns
6. orthographic patterns

Question 15

Decoding Development: Vowels

Answer 15

from easy to hard:
single letters for vowel sounds (short vowels)
long vowel sounds (start with sneaky e)
vowel combinations that represent a single sound
dipthongs
r-controlled vowels