reading and writing Flashcards
________ In determining the patterns of development in a text
Signal words
used to indicate a change in a topic
Signal words
text flow smoothly
FOCUS
written text talk about a single idea
UNITY
supporting details are added to have a progress
DEVELOPMENT
most common article
the
9 patterns of development in writing across disciplines
definition pattern
exemplification
chronology/procedure pattern
description pattern
comparison and contrast pattern
cause and effect pattern
problem solution pattern
classification/division
persuation pattern
tells the reader what term or concept is being defined
definition pattern
maybe formal or informal in giving definition of a term or concept
definition pattern
commonly used in the sciences, humanities, and business
definition pattern
definition pattern. probing question:
what is it
what are its limits
provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea
exemplification pattern
spider map / semantic map graph organizer is useful for this pattern
exemplification pattern
provides typical cases or examples
exemplification pattern
the main idea is placed along its diagonal line while the details of the main idea are placed on the side of the diagonals
exemplification pattern
exemplification pattern probing question:
what are some typical cases or examples of it?
organize ideas or events based on time
chronology/procedure pattern
form of narration or a process
chronology/procedure pattern
some writers consider this also as a narration pattern
chronology/procedure pattern
gives information of what a person, an object, a place, or a situation is like
description pattern
should have concrete and specific details
description pattern
appeals to the reader’s senses
description pattern
description pattern probing question:
what does it look like?
what are the characteristics?
__________ best graphic organizer to use in this pattern (comparison and contrast)
Venn diagram
similarities and differences of two or more things are explored
comparison and contrast
focuses on the cause,reason, and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon
cause and effect
why something happens
cause
fishbone map is the best organizer for this pattern
cause and effect
what happens
effect
with this pattern, the writer can explain how an event or action leads to another
cause and effect
cause and effect probing question:
why did it happen?
what caused it?
what does it cause?
what are its effects?
how is it related to something else?
organize ideas into problems and offers solution
problem-solution pattern
_______answer the wh- question
problem
_____present the major effects of the problem
solution
when you use this pattern, this requires more paragraph because you need to write details
problem solution pattern
sorthing or arranging things
classify
according to common shared characterisitic
categorize or create division
present the issue, position, supporting evidence
persuasion pattern
shows how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument
persuasion pattern
according to _______________ many students have a problems comprehending expository text
dymoch (2005)
is all about the structure of a text. it is the structural framework for writing
organization
is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in text
organization
components of text organization
physical presentation
text structure
physical presentation:
textual cues
topic sentence/thesis statement
locating the main idea
heading/ subheading
text chunks
signal words
text structure:
expository
narrative
grammar free
is the central idea in written text
topic sentence
STIC -
single idea
topic sentence
technique
connectiveness
defined as the set of resources for constructing relations in discourse which transcend grammatical structure
cohesion
the act of forming a whole unit. focused on the grammatical aspect of writing
cohesion
quality of being logical, consistent, and be able to be understood
coherence
includes rhetorical aspects of writing which developing supporting your argument
coherence
organizing and clarifying ideas
coherence
_______whole text/composition
coherence
________part of the whole text
cohesion
six main ways that cohesion is created in a text
reference
substitution
ellipsis
lexical chains
cohesive nouns
conjunction
personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and comparative articles
reference
uses a word/phrase to replace a word/phrase used earlier
substitution
omitting words because it is already understood in the context
ellipses
one word is related to another
lexical chain
sequence of related words in writing
lexical chain
a kind of lexical reference, can summarize many words, and can be used to signal what is to come or can refer back
cohesive nouns
connects the ideas of a clause or a sentence
conjunction
example of conjunction:
and, or, but, firstly, moreover, however, furthermore etc.
