Reading and language Arts Flashcards
Reading develops through a series of development stage. As writing development, children move through three stages:
- Emergent Reading
- Beginning Reading
- Fluent Reading
Children’s writing develops through stages from scribbling to conventional writing?
- Emergent Writing
- Beginning Writing
- Fluent Writing
Consonants
Are all sounds represented by letters of the alphabet a,e,I,o,u and sometimes y w
Consonant digraphs
Two or more consonants combined to produce a new sound……Ch,sh,th
Consonant Blends
Are two or more consonants appearing together in words whose individual sounds are blended together. Example: bl,cr,sk,str
Structural analysis
It involves the use of known word parts to identify unknown words. Afffixes, inflectional endings such as -s, -Ed, -ing, -Lu contractions and compound words
Affixes & Root Words
Affixes may be either prefixes that come before the root word ex: un-(not), re-(do again) , pre-(before)
Suffixes
are at the end of a word
Inflectional Endings
Are suffixes that change the tense or degree of a word but not it’s meaning I.e. -Ed, -ing, -ly
Contractions
Are formed when two or more words are shortened into one word.
Example: we will (we’ll) do not (don’t)
Compound Words
To or more root words that are combined into new words.
Example: butter, fly (butterfly)
Long vowel sounds
CV-consonant, vowel such as in the word (ME)
Cve-consonant, vowel, silent e as in the word (BIKE)
CVVC-consonant,vowel,vowel, consonant as in the word (MEET)
Short Vowels
VC-vowel, consonant such as in the word (at)
CVC-consonant, vowel, consonant, as in the word (POT)
R-controlled sounds
Vr- vowel followed by R as in the word (ART)
CVr-consonant, vowel followed by r as in the word car
Digraph/diphthong variations
VV-vowel digraph as in look or vowel diphthong as in (SOIL)
Fluency
The ability to read text with accuracy, appropriate rate, and good expression
Factors that influence Fluency and Comprehension
Prior Knowledge, context, vocabulary knowledge, and attention to graphic cues
Level of Comprehension
- Literal (lowest level, reading the lines)
- Interpretive (second level,read between the lines)
- Evaluative(highest level, read beyond the lines)
Strategies that facilitate comprehension before reading
- Activate prior knowledge( connections they make between the text, their lives and the larger world)
- Predicting(making predictions based on cover)
Strategies that facilitate comprehension during reading
- Mapping text structures (story maps)
- Visualizing (visual images based on the words they read in text)
- Drawing inferences( take what they know and speculate what’s to come)
- Determining important ideas (main ideas and important supporting details)
- Repairing understanding( clarify the authors meaning)
- Using the parts of the book
- Reflect( stop and reflect on literal, interpretive, or evaluative questions)
Strategies that facilitate comprehension after reading
- Synthesize information(combining new information with existing info to form and idea or interpretation)
- Reflecting (think about or reflect on what you have read)
Antonyms
Words that are opposite in meaning
For example: cold,frigid,chilly,cool are all opposite of hot
Synonyms
Words that have the same meaning
For Example: hot(scorching) sizzling(sultry)
Mutiple meaning words
Words that have more than one meaning
Example: Bank
Homonyms
Words that have similar sounds or spellings
Homophones
Words that sound the same but are spelled differently
Example: their, there and they’re; our and hour;bare and bear
Homogrpahs
Words that are spelled the same but are pronounced different
HOMOGRAPHIC HOMOPHONES
Words that are spelled the same and pronounced the same but have different meanings
Stories
Have a specific structure including a clear begining, middle, and end
Poetry
Use vivid and colorful words arranged in lines, stanza or other shapes depending on the type
Genre
Refers to the category of literature
Traditional Literature
Includes tales that have been handed down from one generation to the next through oral stories
Folk tales
Tell the adventures of animal or human characters
Fables
Brief tales in which animal characters that talk and act like humans teach a moral lesson
Myths
Explain something in life or nature such as thunder and lightning and or illustrated human emotions and experiences such as love or death
Legends
Are based on some fact but are exaggerated
Modern fantasy
Includes story with unrealistic or worldly elements but that are written by identifiable
Contemporary realistic
Fiction includes stories that are consistent with the lives of real people in our contemporary world
I.e. Realistic doesn’t mean that the story is true however it means the story could have happen
Historical fiction
Tells realistic stories of history
I.e. Story could have happened
Informational
Include ideas, facts or principles related to the physical, biological or social world
Biographies & Autobiographes
Factual stories about people
Narrative poem
Tells a story
Lyric poetry
Statement of mood or feeling (song lyrics)
Limericks
Five line poems in which the first, second and fifth lines rhyme
Concrete poems
Written in the shape of its meaning, forming a picture
Haiku
Three unrhymed lines: the first and last line have five syllables each, the second line has seven syllables
Genres of writing
- Narrative, that which tells a story
- Expository, which informs
- Descriptive, which describes or paints a picture with words
- Persuasive, which is used to convince the reader of position or point of view
Description
Writers describe a topic by listing characteristics, features, and examples
Sequence
Writers list items or events in numerical or chronological order
Comparison
Writers explain how two or more things are alike or different
Cause and effect
Writers describe one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects in this pattern
Problem and solution
Writers present a problem and offer one or more solutions in this expository structure
Noun
Person, place, or thing
Pronoun
Used to take the place of noun
Adjectives
Describes, defines, or limits a noun or pronoun
Preposition
Word that shows relationship between a noun or pronoun
For example: on, under, or above
Conjunction
A word that connects a word and others words or phases
For Example: and, or and but.
Interjections
Expressive words such as wow, ah, or oh. They are used to show strong emotions
VERB
Used to show action, as jump, run, or hop, or to show a state being as in is, will or seem.
