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Elementary Content Knowledge > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

0
Q

Magnetism

A

The force of attraction or repulsion between objects that results from the positive and negative ionic charges of objects

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1
Q

Physical Science

A

The study of universal forces that include gravity, electricity, and magnetism

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2
Q

Force

A

The action of moving an object by pulling or pushing it

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3
Q

Work

A

The product of the force acting in the direction of movement causing displacement

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4
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

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5
Q

Machine

A

Something that makes work easier

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6
Q

Simple Machine

A

Has few or no moving parts and can change the size and direction of force

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7
Q

Complex Machine

A

Machines working together to facilitate work

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8
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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9
Q

Mass

A

A body is the amount of matter in an object or thing

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10
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space that matter takes up

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11
Q

Weight

A

The amount of gravitational force exerted over an object

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12
Q

Elements

A

112 basic kinds of matter

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13
Q

Atoms

A

Are made up of particles called electron, neutrons, and protons

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14
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms bonded together in chemical bond

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15
Q

Compounds

A

When you have two or more different kinds of atoms in the molecule and you have a given amount of that substance

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16
Q

Physical Properties

A

The way matter looks and feels (color,density,hardness,conductivity)

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17
Q

Thermal Properties

A

Matter is sensitive to temperature changes (liquid to solid, solid to liquid)

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18
Q

Electrical Properties

A

Matter can be classified as a conductor or nonconductor of electricity

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19
Q

Chemical Properties

A

One type of matter(element) can react with chemical properties of other types of matter

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20
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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21
Q

Mixtures

A

Combinations of two or more substance

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22
Q

Solutions

A

Mixtures that are homogeneous, which means that the components are distributed evenly

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23
Q

Physical Change

A

Change in a substance that does not change what that substance is made of. (Melting ice (boiling water)

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24
Q

Chemical Change

A

When the substances that were combined are longer the same molecules they have changed to new substance (burning wood, mixing baking soda and vinegar)

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25
Q

Exothermic

A

Reaction; and when heat is absorbed in a chemical change

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26
Q

Endothermic

A

The combination becomes colder

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27
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

An object possessing energy because of its ability to move (is used for movement and to do work)

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28
Q

Potential Energy

A

The energy that an object has as the result of its position or condition

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29
Q

Activation Energy

A

The energy necessary to transfer or convert potential energy into kinetic energy

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30
Q

Heat

A

Is the form of energy

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31
Q

Temperature

A

Is the measure heat, is a required element for all warm blooded animals

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32
Q

Sun

A

Is the most common form of energy, solar energy provides heat and light for animals and plants

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33
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of capturing, storing, and converting solar energy. It is also the source of oxygen in the atmosphere

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34
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Is a form of glucose

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35
Q

Conduction

A

Is the process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance

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36
Q

Radiation

A

The energy that travels at high speed in space in the form of light or through the decay of radioactive elements (microwaves)

37
Q

Convection

A

The flow of heat through the movement of matter from a hot region to cool region (warm air rises cool air sinks)

38
Q

Closed Circuit

A

When all metal parts are touching and the electrical charge is able to continue to be transferred through the circuit

39
Q

Lightning

A

Is a form of static electricity, which means it is not flowing or being transferred in the way it is through metal wire, but is caused by friction

40
Q

Light Energy

A

All energy travels in waves and in straight-line path

41
Q

Refraction

A

When light travels in a straight line, hits an object or substance and is bent

42
Q

Reflection

A

When light waves bounce back, as when looking in a mirror

43
Q

Sound Energy

A

Sounds are caused by vibrations, such as a guitar string (or a rubber band)

44
Q

Longitudinal

A

Waves move parallel to the direction the waves moves, and transverse waves more perpendicular to the direction of the wave

45
Q

Electricity

A

Is the flow of electrons or electric power or charge

46
Q

Nonrenewable electricity

A

Natural gas, coal, and oil and nuclear

47
Q

Renewable Electricity

A

Wind and solar energy

48
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

States thT energy cn change for but cannot totally disappear

49
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Consumes oxygen

50
Q

Fungi

A

Obtain energy, carbon, and water from dead material

51
Q

Chromosomes

A

Contain genetic code, or DNA

52
Q

Mitosis

A

Describes the process of a cell splitting to create two identical cells

53
Q

Meiosis

A

The process of cells dividing to produce the egg and sperm cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell so they are ready to restore the normal number of the species upon fertilizatio

54
Q

Insects

A

Have three main parts head, thorax, and abdomen

55
Q

Humans

A

Have several body systems, including the musculosketal, nervous, circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive/excretory systems

56
Q

Organisms

A

In the environment depend upon one another for survival and are linked in the ecosystem

57
Q

Layers of the Earth

A

Mantle
Crust
Inner core
Outer core

58
Q

Continental Drift

A

In 1915 Alred Weneger proposed that all continents were previously one large continent but then broke apart and drifted through the ocean floor to their present locations

59
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

The surface of the earth is fragmented into large plates, these plates are in continuous motion, floating on the liquid mantel and always changing in size and position

60
Q

Forces that change the surface of the earth

A

Weathering, geological movements, and the creation of glaciers

61
Q

Weathering

A

Process of breaking down rock, soils, and minerals through natural,chemical, and biological process (exfoliation and freeze thaw)

62
Q

Exfoliation

A

Occurs in places like desert when the soil is exposed first to high temperatures, which causes it to expand, and then to cold temperatures, which make the soil contract. The stress of these changes cause outer layers of rock to peel off

63
Q

Freeze-thaw

A

Breaks down rock when water gets into rock joints or cracks and then freezes and expands, breaking the rock

64
Q

Erosion

A

Is the movement of sediment from one location to the other through the use of water, wind, ice, or gravity (Grand Canyon)

65
Q

Earthquakes

A

When forces within the Earth causes rocks to break and move around geologic faults, earthquakes occur

66
Q

Richter Scale

A

Used to measure the amount of energy released by the earthquake

67
Q

Volcanoes

A

Are formed by the constant motion of tectonic plates. This movement create pressure that forces magma from mantel to escape to the surface, creating an explosion of lava, fire, and ash

68
Q

Gravity

A

Is the force of attraction that exists between objects

69
Q

Surface Water

A

Is the water in streams, lakes, and rivers, and all water that is on the surface of the land

70
Q

Groundwater

A

Is water that seeps beneath the surface of the land and forms and underground river of water

71
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Are crystalline solids that form directly from the cooling of magma or lava

72
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Are call secondary rocks because they are often the result of accumulation of small pieces broken off from preexisting rocks and then pressed into a new form

73
Q

3 types of Sedimentary Rocks

A

Clastic- pieces of rock, mineral, and organic material fuse together

Chemical-formed when water rich in minerals evaporates, leaving the minerals behind

Organic-made from the remains of plants and animals

Metamorphic-formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other types

74
Q

4 Stages of Water Cycle

A

Storage
Evaporation
Precipitation
Runoff

75
Q

Tides

A

The alternating rise and fall in sea level with respect to the land, produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun

76
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

Capture of carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by plants to make glucose

77
Q

Nitrogen Cycles

A

Most of the air we breathe is nitrogen but it is not useful to us. In that form so it is exhaled. Lightning causes nitrogen in the air to combine oxygen

78
Q

2 movements of the earth

A

Rotation

Revolution

79
Q

Rotation

A

Describes the spinning of Earth on its axis

80
Q

Revolution

A

Wile earth is rotating on it axis, it is also following an orbit around the sun

81
Q

New Moon

A

The moon is not visible to Earth because the side of he moon facing earth is not being lit by the sn

82
Q

Crescent Moon

A

At this stage between the half moon and the new moon, the shape of the moon is often compared to a banana

83
Q

Half Moon or First Quarter

A

During this stage, half of the moon is visible

84
Q

Gibbous Moon

A

In this stage, about three quarters of the moon is visible

85
Q

Full Moon

A

The whole moon is visible from Earth

86
Q

Blue Moon

A

Describes the appearance of two full moons single calendar month

87
Q

Inner planets

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

88
Q

Outer planets

A

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

89
Q

Dwarf planets

A 
Pluto
Ceres
Eris
Harmea
Makemake

Elementary Content Knowledge (5 decks)

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