Reading Flashcards
What are baby/toddler books like?
- Focus on speech development
- Provide pictures for children to label
- Relevant hypernyms/hyponyms
- Nouns and adjectives most common
- Objects that are most likely in child’s environment
- Children like things like animals that move, produce noise, etc
What are the 4 stages of reading development?
Emergent Reader- preschool/nursery, taught to enjoy books with colour, graphology and font, can recognise patterns, attempting to predict sharing the experience - reading for enjoyment rather than the story
Early Reader- strategies to confirm predictions - rhyming patterns, repetition and reading rest of sentence, visual cues, graphology holds interest, read for meaning, incorrect predictions and risk taking
Transitional Reader- Reading scheme, find out information, good pace, struggling with speed of reading means struggling with comprehension, sound out sentences, use graphology, etc for prompt, each book introduces a few new words
Fluent Reader- Independent , longer more complex stretches, graphology gradually replaced with text, smaller font
What are Jeanne Chall’s reading stages?
Pre Reading/pseudo reading (birth to age 6):
- Imitates reading process
- Memorises
- May identify letters of the alphabet
Initial reading (ages 6-7)
- Learning sets of letters (phonemes) and linking them to words
- Getting some words and sounds right
- A lot of encouragement from the caregiver
- Slow sounding out of words + excessive thinking time may lead to not understanding the text
Confirmation and Fluency (ages 7-8)
- Greater sense of text as a whole
- Less pauses and less visual cues
- Caregiver reassurance/child pauses for confirmation
- Fluency and speed is better
Reading for Learning (ages 9-13)
- Non-fiction texts
- Learning about world around them
- Textbooks, etc
Multiple Viewpoints (ages 14-18)
- Analyse the provenance of texts
- Multiple viewpoints on one topic and ability to form own opinion
- Facts and concepts
Construction and Reconstruction (ages 18+)
- The ability to condense multiple texts and use them in -your own work
- Creating own academic texts
- Simplify information and explain it to someone else
- Able to skim and scan a text
What is the difference between Analytic and Synthetic phonics?
Analytic- does not teach children the individual phonemes before they begin reading, encourages breaking down words into key sections. Learns the alphabet in lower case, doesn’t learn sounds like ‘ea’.
Synthetic- teaches children the individual phonemes independently from reading. Blend these together to form a word. Faster.
What are the reading cues?
Graphophonic: understand meanings, make connections and decode new ones
Semantic: apply knowledge of word order and word classes to see if it sounds right
Visual: make errors (miss a word or substitute another) or guess a word from graphology
Syntactic: look at pictures and use visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar ideas
Contextual: look at the shape of words and link them to familiar words to interpret
Explain Frank Smith’s theory.
- Should learn to read through reading
- The reader has 2 needs: interesting material that makes sense to them and someone to support them.
Explain Pierre Bourdieu’s theory.
Cultural Capital: collection of cultural elements such as clothes, skills, tastes and postures of the social class. People with similar capital form a collective identity. The more capital you have, the more powerful you are.
Social Capital: the people you know/have connections with, results in a sharing of capital and thus power.
Capital is achieved through social norms and values from a young age (childhood).
This links to child reading because Bourdieu argues that the content of a person’s library reflects the family’s tastes, professionalism, and level of literary development (cultural capital). According to Bourdieu, reading is an expression of cultural capital, because reading activities and resources needed for reading become the child’s knowledge and abilities.
Explain David Wright’s theory.
74% of those in routine occupations had read less than five books in the previous year, whilst 68% of those in the higher professional occupations had read more than five.
Amount of books read = determined by social privilege
University education means people appreciate higher forms of reading
Explain Teresa Cremin’s theory.
- There has to be a balance between the educational function of reading and reading for pleasure.
- Need to be able to engage with the reading
- Teachers as readers: enticing reading environments, rich read aloud programme, independent choice led reading and space and time for informal talks about the text
- UKLA study found that adults dominated child’s reading choices, child’s responses dominated around learning objectives and and no space for non-assessed discussion
- Seems to oppose reading schemes
- Encourages children reading aloud as a way to engage them in reading
- The shared experience of reading aloud makes the text less informal + encourages ‘bonding’
