Reading 5

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

Period of lifespan that occurs between childhood and adulthood and one that includes a number of changes in physical development

Question 2

Puberty

Answer 2

Physical transition from childhood to adulthood, and is consistent with the risk-resilience pattern because differential exposure to advantages and disadvantages has a biological and behavioral impact

Question 3

Growth spurt

Answer 3

Reveals the differences between males and females

Question 4

Phase 1 of Puberty

Answer 4

Hormonal Changes: Adrenarche

Question 5

Adrenarche

Answer 5

Awakening on the adrenal glands at around ages 6-8 years. The adrenal cortex releases a dramatic increase in androgen hormones. These hormones do not result in any physical changes. The earlier these hormones are released the more children are at risk for internalizing problems,

Question 6

Gonadarche

Answer 6

Second phase: Sexual Maturation

• development of the gonads
• development of the outward characteristics

Question 7

Maturational Timing

Answer 7

The moment when the cascade of pubertal events begins, varies from adolescent to adolescent

Question 8

Allostatic load

Answer 8

Stress that accelerates aging via wear and tear on the body’s immune, metabolic, reproductive and cardiovascular systems

Question 9

Brain Development

Answer 9

Brain development still occurs after physical development.

Ongoing brain development mainly occurs in the prefrontal cortex… this plays a major role in impulse control

Question 10

White and gray matter

Answer 10

White matter increases during adolescence

Gray matter are consistent with the polydirectional pattern of development

Question 11

Increase in white matter

Answer 11

Corresponds to the faster speed of processing of neural signals and better communication among various areas of the brain

Question 12

Physical activity

Answer 12

• The benefits of daily physical activity are consistent with the multidimensional pattern: teens who engage in daily physical activity benefit cognitively
• Risk-resilience pattern: schools that want the best for their children and want them to be on the resilience side of the alternative should increase opportunities to engage in physical activity

Question 13

Sports

Answer 13

There is no concrete evidence that sports result in leadership abilities
Sports are actually correlated with depression loneliness etc

Question 14

Sports injuries

Answer 14

Youth sports cause physical harm and pose a greater risk of sexual or psychological abuse

High likelihood of concussion

Question 15

Major health issues relevant to adolescents

Answer 15

Food: correlation between depression and the types of food you eat
Capability gaps
Opportunity challenges
Eating disorders

Question 16

Positive youth development programs

Answer 16

Based on ecological systems theory: bronfenbrenner
The program provides students to thrive with a sense of confidence, competence, caring character, and connectedness
Helps families reduce their risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviors

Question 17

Sleep

Answer 17

9-10 advised hours
Better sleep promotes better self control
Sleep problems are a risk factor for substance abuse

Question 18

Substance abuse

Answer 18

Has costly consequences

The data show trend with the polydirectional pattern

Question 19

Piagets Theory and how it relates to Adolescence

Answer 19

Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage in which we process the ability to reason abstractly begins at approximately age 11

Question 20

Civic Participation

Answer 20

Work to sustain a democratic society

Question 21

Civic participation and multidimensional patterns

Answer 21

It requires achievement of cognitive development milestones and emotional development milestones