Reading 13

Question 1

Are somatic mutations passed to future generations?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

Are germline mutations passed to future generations?

Answer 2

half of the time

Question 3

Base substitution mutations are either transitions or transversions. Describe each type in one sentence

Answer 3

-transcriptions: purine replaces purine or pyrimidine replaces pyrimidine
-transversion: purine replaces pyrimidine

Question 4

Which type of base substitution is more common: transitions or transversions?

Answer 4

transition

Question 5

Does insertion or deletion always cause a frameshift?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

Describe each in one sentence: missense, nonsense, or silent

Answer 6

-missense mutation: changes the protein the codon codes for
-nonsense mutation: changes a sense codon into a nonsense codon
-silent mutation: changes a codon to a synonymous codon

Question 7

What is a suppressor mutation? How is this different from a reverse mutation?

Answer 7

-suppresses the effect of an earlier mutation at a different site
-different because it occurs at a site that is different from the original mutation

Question 8

What is an intercalating agent? How can intercalating agents cause mutation?

Answer 8

• a chemical agent that interests itself in the DNA and causes single nucleotide insertions and deletions in replication
  -causes mutations because they often cause frameshifts

Question 9

What problem(s) does mismatch repair correct?

Answer 9

removes and replaces miss paired bases

Question 10

What problem(s) does nucleotide excision repair correct?

Answer 10

replaces damaged DNA with new DNA from the undamaged strand