Reading Flashcards
What is a noun? And what is a verb?
Noun: a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality e.g.’nurse’, ‘cat’, ‘party’, ‘oil’ and ‘poverty’. Verb: a word or phrase that describes an action, condition or experience e.g. ‘run’, ‘look’ and ‘feel’.
Pronoun=
word that replaces a noun (e.g., she, he, it, they, this, that)
What is the former and latter
ormer is used to refer back to the noun or phrase mentioned first, and the latter is used to refer back to the noun or phrase mentioned second.
The topic is , and what is the main point?
The topic is the person, thing, or idea that is the primary subject or focus of the passage. A main point is an argument that answers the question “so what?” It tells us why the author thinks the topic is important, or what primary information about a topic he or she wants to convey to the reader.
You can use this “formula” to determine the point:
Topic + So What? == Main Point
Old Idea vs. New Idea
“people used to believe x, but now they believe y.” Old Idea
Some/Many/Most people (scientists, researchers) believe…
It is commonly thought that…
Accepted/conventional wisdom holds that. ..
In the past/For decades/Traditionally it was believed that…
New Idea
However,Butinfact,Inreality…
But is it really true/the case that…?
It now seems (clear)/Researchers now think that…
Recently, it has been found that. ..
New research/evidence shows/suggests that…
Another possibility is that. ..
fiction passages typically focus on
a specific situation, character h·ait, or relationship. You can also think of the point as an extremely condensed (4-6 word) summary of the passage - it answers the question “what is this passage about?”
Main Point vs. Primary Purpose
Main Point - The primary argument the author is making. It is usually stated more or less directly in the passage, usually in the introduction and conclusion.
Primary Purpose - The rhetorical goal of the passage as a whole (e.g., explain, e111plzasize, questio11). While the primary purpose is based on the overall passage, there is often a key sentence that will point to a particular answer.
Supporting and contracting claims: what are the 3 steps to solve?
1) Identify the claim, and rephrase it if necessary.
If the claim is stated simply in the question, underline it. If it’s worded more complexly, rephrase it more simply and write it down. You can’t determine whether a set of lines would support an idea unless you know what that idea is.
2) Determine what sort of information would support the claim.
You should at least attempt to do this on your own and not assume you’ll be able to recognize the information from the answer choices.
3) Check the answers.
Remember that in some cases, you may need to read above/below the lines referenced for context. Remember also not to eliminate any answers just because you find them confusin
Reasonable interference
though answers to inference questions will not be stated word-for-word in the passage, the passage will always contain specific wording that clearly corresponds to a particular idea, event, or relationship in the correct answer.
extended Reasoning and Analogies (ou may be asked to make larger inferences, ones that require you to extend your reasoning beyond the passage itself.) what are the steps to solve this ?
1) Go back to the passage and read the exact lines provided in the question.
Analogy questions are not context-based questions. Provided you understand the general section of the passage well enough for those lines to make sense, you should be able to answer the question based only on the lines given. Reading more than a few words before/after for necessary context will most likely confuse you.
2) Quickly rephrase the scenario presented.
Take a moment and reiterate for yourself exactly what’s going on in those lines. Who are the people in question, what are they doing, and what is the outcome?
3) Sum up the scenario in general terms. Write it down.
This is the crucial step. You have to understand what’s going on in more abstract terms in order to draw the analogy. What you write can be very short and simple, but if you don’t have something to look at to keep you focused, you’ll usually find it more difficult to identify the correct answer.
What are function questions?
Function questions ask what a phrase, sentence, paragraph does in the context of a passage. Tlaying Positive and Negative with Function Questions
Tone and attiude (they essentially require you to identify whether the attitude of the author, )
