New Reading and writing notes Flashcards
Verbs and nouns and how to indefiy them. One important tule for verbs
Verbs: Are actions, verbs are things you can do - the word do is a verb itself
One way to test whether a word is a verb, is to try to think of a sentence that places that word immediately after the word “cannot”. If you can do that with the word, then that word is a verb.
Noun: Everything you can point to is a noun. Some nouns also represent ideas , like “happiness” or “fatalism”. If a word ends with “-ness” “-ism” “-ology”, or anything similar its probably a noun
A verb must always agree in number with the noun or nouns that it moidfers.
How to answer “Best accomplishes X” writing questions?
Some questions will ask which answer choice ebt accomplishes a goal of the author, such as providing an example to one in the text, or supporting the authority’s primary claim. The answer to these are the ones that plainly and directly demonstrates the odea required by the prompt.
Including or excluding a phrase of sentence. What are the two rules. And for the second rule name the first 5
First rule: plain, literal description of the sentence’s role in the text:
The first rule is that the relationship between the sentence and the rest of the text will be plainly and literally restated or demonstrated by the correct answer
Second rule: follow all the other rules for reading comprehension
Do include relevant details and examples
Do include introducaion for ideas that appear in the next sentence
Do include a introduction for ideas that appear in the next sentence
Do include introductions for ideas that appear in the next sentence
Do include a transition between paragraphs
Plural nouns vs plural verbs
Plural nouns vs verbs’
Nouns: Book = Singular Books = Plural Flower = Singular Flowers= Plural
verbs
Swim = plural
Swims = singular
Adjectiveds and Adverbs
Adjectives are words that describe noun.
Ex. Bowser is a tiny dog
Adverbs are words that modify a word that isnt a noun. Usually it ends in “‘ly”
Example
I quickly ran across the street to see what was happening
In this sentence, the adverb “quickly is used to modify the verb “ran”
‘
Pronoun:
Pronouns are a particular type of noun that we use to refer to a noun that has already beed mentioned. Ex, I, it, they, were, who, which)’
Who vs Whom.
Who refers to a subject pronoun
Whom refers to an object pronoun
Possessives vs contractiions
Possessinom contain no apostrophes so your and you’re are different
A possessive noun is a noun that shows possession or belonging. This will generally include an’s for a singular person possessing one or more persons, places, or things, called a singular possessive noun; and an s’ for more than one person possessing singular or plural persons, places, or things. Possesives also have s’ to indicate that something belongs to the noun. Examples micheals’ hat
Contractions are like it’s. They’re
Prepositions:
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like “in,” “at,” “on,” “of,” and “to.”
Correlative conjunctions:
The correlative conjunctions are either…or, neither… nor, both…and, not only…but also, whether…or.
Clauses: and what is subject noun phrase
A clause is a group of words that includes a subject noun phrase, a verb phrase, and, if necessary, an object noun phrase. This is an example of a clause.
Examples of subject noun phrase. Sam lives in an apartment. Sam is the subject noun of this sentence.
How to connect two indepdenat clauses?
FANBOYS is a mnemonic device, which stands for the coordinating conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So. These words, when used to connect two independent clauses (two complete thoughts), must be preceded by a comma
Pronount (of them) . And Pronoun + “of which” or “of whom” =
Pronount (of them) = sentence. And Pronoun + “of which” or “of whom” = fragment
Every verb has two principles
Which is why if you the verb in __ then you should __
Present particple
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the verb.
Talk = talking
Walk=walking
Past participle
Talk = talked
Paint = panted
.Which is why if you the verb in to then you should switch it to ing, and vice versa
Important: Answer choices that contain BEING (to be)
are usually wrong.
Coordinating Conjucations
There are seven coordinating conjcuations, collectivety they are known by the acronym FANBOYS. For,And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
. Any clause beginning with one of these conjjucations is not a complete sentence. And they can connect two sentence. Coordinating conjunctions join two words, clauses or sentences of same grammatical relevance. Subordinating conjunction implies a linking word that joins the dependent clause with an independent clause.
Strong Transitions
Certain transitions) are “strong” enough to begin a sentence
however, therefore, thus, consewuestly, moreover, and nevertheless. Whenever used to begin a clause, these transntions should always follow a period of semicolon, never a comma
Non-Essential clauses often begin with (w-words) such as ]
which and who, they can also begin with noun (appostivties) or particples (-ing, -ed)
Essential clauses with and without “That”
Clauses beginning with that are always essential to the meaning of a sentence and should not be set off by commas (or any other form of punctuation) the use of a comma before or after that is always incorrect.
Non-Essential Vs Essential clauses: The case of “who”
Clauses beggining with who can be either non-essential (two commas) or essential (no comma)
