Reading 01: Major Sources of Drugs

Question 1

Drugs are obtained from six major sources?

Answer 1

(A) Plant Sources
(B) Animal Sources
(C) Microbiological Sources
(D) Mineral Sources
(E) Semi-synthetic sources or synthetic sources
(F) Recombinant DNA or technology

Question 2

These are known as the oldest sources of drugs. Most drugs were derived from this.

Answer 2

Plants (Almost all parts of the plants were used namely leaves, stem, bark, roots and fruits)

Question 3

This is known as the source of Digotoxin and Digoxin (cardiac glycosides).

Answer 3

Leaves of the Digitalis Purpurea

Question 4

This is known to give the Eucalyptus oil, which is an important component of the cough syrup.

Answer 4

Eucalyptus leaves

Question 5

Tobacco leaves gives what?

Answer 5

NIcotine

Question 6

What leaves give of atropine?

Answer 6

Atropa Belladona (Leaves)

Question 7

What flowers give of morphine or opioid?

Answer 7

Poppy Papaver Somniferum

Question 8

What does vinca rosea (flowers) give?

Answer 8

(A) Vincristine
(B) Vinblastine

Question 9

What does rose give of?

Answer 9

Water that is often utilized as tonic.

Question 10

What does Nux vomica (seeds) give?

Answer 10

Strychine (Central Nervous System Stimulant)

Question 11

What do castor oil seeds give of?

Answer 11

Castor Oil

Question 12

What do calabar beans give of?

Answer 12

Physostigmine, which is a cholinomimetic drug.

Question 13

What does the Ipecacuanha root give of?

Answer 13

Emetine, used to induce vomiting as in accidental poisoning. It also has amoebicidal properties.

Question 14

What does Rauwolfia serpentina give of?

Answer 14

Reserpine, a hypotensive agent. Reserpine was used for hypertension treatment.

Question 15

What does Cinchona bark give of?

Answer 15

Quinine and quinidine, which are antimalarial drugs. Quinidine also has anti-arrhythmic properties.

Question 16

The atropine from Atropa Belladona is considered or delineated to be?

Answer 16

Anticholinergic

Question 17

What gives of hyosine (Anticholinergic)?

Answer 17

Hyoscyamus niger

Question 18

What does Chondrodendron tomentosum give of?

Answer 18

Tuboqurarine, which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia.

Question 19

Which organ is a source of insulin used for the treatment of diabetes?

Answer 19

The pancreas

Question 20

What is obtained from the urine of pregnant women and used for the treatment of infertility?

Answer 20

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 21

Which animal source provides thyroxin, which is used in the treatment of hypertension?

Answer 21

Sheep thyroid

Question 22

What vitamins are obtained from cod liver?

Answer 22

Vitamin A and D

Question 23

Which source provides pituitary gonadotropins used in infertility treatment?

Answer 23

Anterior pituitary

Question 24

Which animal-derived material is used in the preparation of vaccines?

Answer 24

Blood of animals

Question 25

What digestive juices are found in stomach tissue and were used in the past to treat peptic diseases?

Answer 25

Pepsin and trypsin

Question 26

Which of the following animal sources is currently less used in medicine due to the availability of better drugs?

Answer 26

Stomach tissue for pepsin and trypsin

Question 27

Which mineral is used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 27

Iron

Question 28

What is the medical use of mercurial salts?

Answer 28

Treatment of syphilis

Question 29

Zinc oxide paste is primarily used for which of the following conditions?

Answer 29

Wounds and eczema (supplements)

Question 30

What is iodine primarily used for in medicine?

Answer 30

Antiseptic purposes (supplements)

Question 31

Gold salts are used to treat which medical condition?

Answer 31

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 32

Which mineral source has antiseptic properties and is also a halogen?

Answer 32

Fluorine

Question 33

Which of the following substances has antiseptic properties similar to Fluorine?

Answer 33

Borax

Question 34

Selenium sulphide is commonly used in which type of product?

Answer 34

Anti-dandruff shampoo

Question 35

Which mineral source is used in the preparation of liquid paraffin?

Answer 35

Petroleum

Question 36

Which mineral is used both as a dietary supplement and in paste form for skin conditions?

Answer 36

Zinc

Question 37

Penicillin is obtained from which microorganism?

Answer 37

Penicillium notatum (fungus)

Question 38

Streptomycin, an antibiotic, is derived from which type of bacteria?

Answer 38

Actinobacteria

Question 39

Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin are obtained from which sources?

Answer 39

Streptomycin and Micromonosporas

Question 40

What characterizes a synthetic drug source?

Answer 40

Drug's nucleus and chemical structure are both altered from the natural source

Question 41

What is the definition of a semi-synthetic drug?

Answer 41

Drug where the nucleus from the natural source is retained but the chemical structure is altered

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic drug?

Answer 41

Emetine Bismuth Iodide

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of a semi-synthetic drug?

Answer 42

Ethinyl Estradiol, Apomorphine, Diacetyl morphine, Homatotropine

Question 43

What type of drugs are most commonly used today, such as anti-anxiety and anti-convulsant medications?

Answer 43

Synthetic forms

Question 43

Which drug is used as an example of a semi-synthetic form used for hormonal contraception?

Answer 43

Ampicillin and Methyl testosterone

Question 44

What is the role of restriction endonucleases in recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 44

To cleave DNA

Question 45

In recombinant DNA technology, the desired gene is coupled with which type of rapidly replicating DNA?

Answer 45

Plasmid, bacterial, or viral

Question 46

What is done with the new genetic combination after it is created in recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 46

Inserted into bacterial cultures

Question 47

What are the advantages of recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 47

(A) Huge amounts of drugs can be produced. (B) Drug can be obtained in pure form. (C) It is less antigenic

Question 48

The Senna pod gives what?

Answer 48

Anthracine (which is used as a purgative for constipation)