READ ME / 1: Introduction to sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Thanks for using my flashcards, hope you find them useful!

If you spot any errors or have suggestions, please let me know by clicking the speech bubble or sending me a message. It’s really helpful.

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2
Q

The questions are written using the official Dundee lectures, so you might find it useful to have them open in the background in case you get stuck.

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3
Q

I write the questions based on what I think the important facts are, but not everything is relevant. Don’t waste your time learning tiny details.

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4
Q

On the other hand, this isn’t everything you need to know - back it up with stuff from tutorials, other people’s questions, Youtube videos, Oxford handbooks etc.

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5
Q

There’s a good chance that older decks will be inaccurate (lectures and guidelines change year to year) so I’ll try to update them in the future.

Break a leg 👍

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6
Q

What should be eliminated in any patient with an infection?

A

Sepsis

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7
Q

What does colonisation mean?

A

Microbe in the body WITHOUT an inflammatory response

e.g Staph aureus on the skin

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8
Q

What is infection?

A

Inflammatory response due to a microbe

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9
Q

What is bacteraemia?

A

Presence of viable bacteria in the blood

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10
Q

What is septicaemia?

A

A duff term that shouldn’t be used

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11
Q

What is the definition of sepsis?

A

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

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12
Q

What is the definition of septic shock?

A

Circulatory / metabolic dysfunction secondary to sepsis

i.e the patient cannot be adequately resuscitated

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13
Q

___ is a subset of ___.

(sepsis, septic shock)

A

Septic shock is a subset of sepsis

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14
Q

People with septic shock have a much higher mortality and should be admitted to…

A

intensive care

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15
Q

Sepsis has distinct ___ and ___.

A

signs and symptoms

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16
Q

What is an abdominal infection caused by leakage of bowel contents into the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritonitis

17
Q

general signs and symptoms of sepsis

18
Q

What needs to be determined re: sepsis to treat it properly?

19
Q

How does sepsis cause organ dysfunction?

A

Bacteraemia causes leaky blood vessels

> ischaemia, infarction

20
Q

What is SIRS?

Is it in favour anymore?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

No, NEWS or qSOFA criteria used now

21
Q

Is SIRS specific to infection?

A

No, caused by trauma, pancreatitis…

But all patients with sepsis fulfill the SIRS criteria

22
Q

Apart from infection, what are some other causes of SIRS?

A

Trauma (especially polytrauma)

Burns

Pancreatitis

23
Q

What are the SIRS criteria?

A

T > 38 or < 36

HR > 90bpm due to leaky vessels > insufficient perfusion

RR > 20/min due to perceived hypoxia

Raised or reduced WBCs

24
Q

With regard to SIRS criteria, what is sepsis?

A

2+ fulfilled SIRS criteria with KNOWN INFECTION

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What is **septic shock** with regard to SIRS criteria?
**2+ fulfilled SIRS criteria** **Known infection** **Organ dysfunction** **Hypotension despite fluid resuscitation**
26
As sepsis progresses to **septic shock**, mortality \_\_\_.
**increases**
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How do you remember the Sepsis 6 bundle of treatment?
**BUFALO** **Give three, take three** (Take blood, urine output, lactate. Give fluids, oxygen and antibiotics.)
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What is **SOFA?**
**Sequential organ function assessment** A scoring system for sepsis
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When is the actual **SOFA** score used?
**ICU** when you have access to loads of information
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What is the abbreviated version of the SOFA score?
**qSOFA**
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What are the three criteria in the **qSOFA** score?
**RR \> 22/min** **sBP \< 100mgHg** **Altered GCS**
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The higher your qSOFA score, the greater your \_\_\_.
**mortality**
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qSOFA: Respiratory rate \> __ / min sBP \< ___ mmHg GCS \< \_\_
**RR \> 20/min** **sBP \< 100 mmHg** **GCS \< 14**
34
How does the NHS score patients at risk of sepsis?
**NEWS2 score**
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A NEWS2 score of \> __ **and** __ is diagnostic of sepsis.
**NEWS2 \> 5** **confirmed infection**
36
The higher your NEWS2 score, the poorer your \_\_\_.
**prognosis**
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NEWS2 and ___ scoring tend to agree with one another.
**qSOFA**