6: Host infection interactions Flashcards
Which cells of the skin secrete antimicrobial peptides?
Keratinocytes
Which glands of the skin secrete antimicrobial peptides?
Sebaceous glands
What are the antigen presenting cells of the skin?
Langerhans cells
What is the antibody mainly found on mucosal surfaces?
IgA
What complication of chemotherapy can cause GI infection and sepsis?
Mucositis
Which immune cells are mainly responsible for killing bacteria and fungi?
Phagocytes
macrophages, neutrophils
A deficiency in T lymphocytes makes you susceptible to infections by which organisms?
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
intracellular organisms
Which immune cells does HIV target?
CD4+ T cells
What do
a) B cells mature into
b) monocytes mature into?
a) Plasma cells
b) Macrophages
Which biologic agent suppresses B cells?
Rituximab
HIV infection puts you at risk of which particular infection?
It also puts you at risk of ___ infections.
Strep. pneumoniae
Atypical infections
What problem with the spleen can cause infection?
Hyposplenism
What are some causes of hyposplenism?
Splenectomy
Sickle cell, autoimmune stuff (check this)
___ patients are more likely to have opportunistic infections.
Do they show the same signs and symptoms as normal people?
Immunocompromised
Noooooo
What can be given to patients to reduce their risk of infection?
Prophylaxis (rarely)
Vaccination
How does sepsis cause organ dysfunction?
Excessive, disordered immune response to infection
cytokines > vasodilation & leaky vessels > hypotension
What is the cardiovascular dysfunction seen in sepsis?
Why does it occur?
Hypotension
Widespread vasodilation due to toxins
Rx: fluids, inotropes, vasoconstrictors
What is the pulmonary dysfunction of sepsis?
Diffuse alveolar oedema (ARDS)
Leaky capillaries, lungs fill with fluid
Rx: oxygen
What is the renal dysfunction of sepsis?
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Renal hypoperfusion
What is the hepatic dysfunction of sepsis?
Shock liver and jaundice due to hypoperfusion
What is the CNS dysfunction of sepsis?
Confusion / delerium due to cerebral hypoperfusion and toxins
What metabolic problem is seen in sepsis?
What causes it?
Lactic acidosis
Widespread hypoperfusion > anaerobic respiration > acidosis due to lactic acid buildup
What is an organ dysfunction which can cause septic embolism?
Coagulopathy - increased clotting
