reactivity series

Question 1

what is the reactivity series?

Answer 1

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon (not a metal)
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen (not a metal)
Copper
Silver
Gold

Question 2

what is metal + water?

Answer 2

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 3

what is metal + steam?

Answer 3

metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 4

what is metal + dilute HCl?

Answer 4

metal chloride (salt) + hydrogen

Question 5

what is the reaction with water?

Answer 5

P: very violently
S: violently
C: readily
M: very slowly
A: nil (reacts with oxygen in the air to form an insoluble layer of aluminium oxide—prevents further reaction)
C: (not a metal)
Z: no
I: no
L: no
H: (not a metal)
C: no
S: no
G: no

Question 6

what is the reaction with steam?

Answer 6

P: explosively
S: explosively
C: explosively
M: violently
A: nil
C: (not a metal)
Z: readily
I: slowly
L: no
H: (not a metal)
C: no
S: no
G: no

Question 7

what is reaction with dilute HCl?

Answer 7

P: explosively
S: explosively
C: violently
M: rapidly
A: nil
C: (not a metal)
Z: moderately fat
I: slowly
L: no
H: (not a metal)
C: no
S: no
G: no

Question 8

how are they extracted?

Answer 8

P, S, C, M, A:
electrolysis (highly reactive, very stable, requires a lot of energy to extract)

Z, I, L, C:
reduction of metal oxides with carbon (moderately reactive, oxides less stable and can be reduced by carbon—less reactive than carbon)

S:
can be decomposed by heating

G:
exists as pure gold, found naturally uncombined

Question 9

what metal oxides can carbon reduce?

Answer 9

Z, I, L, C
(less reactive than carbon, reduced to form metal + carbon dioxide)

Question 10

what metal oxides can hydrogen reduce?

Answer 10

P, S, C, M, Z
(more reactive than iron, cannot he reduced)

L, C
(less reactive than iron, reduced to form metal + steam)

Question 11

explain reduction?

Answer 11

a more reactive metal can reduce a less reactive metal from its oxide

Zn(s) + CuO(s) — ZnO(s) + Cu (s)

Question 12

explain displacement?

Answer 12

more reactive > less reactive
more reactive metals can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution

Cu(s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) — Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)

Question 13

explain rusting?

Answer 13

rusting only applies to iron in the presence of water & oxygen

Question 14

what are the prevention methods of rusting?

Answer 14

1. protective layer
   - provides a barrier for iron which prevents it from coming into contact with oxygen & water (painting, oiling, electroplating, plastic coating)
2. sacrificial protection
   - uses. more reactive metal to protect a less reactive metal (zinc & magnesium to protect iron) (galvanised iron)