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chemistry 🧪 > qualitative analysis > Flashcards

qualitative analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 7 cations?

A
  1. aluminium (AL3+)
  2. zinc (ZN2+)
  3. calcium (CA2+)
  4. copper(II) (CU2+)
  5. iron(II) (Fe2+)
  6. iron(III) (Fe3+)
  7. ammonium (NH4+)
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2
Q

what tests do you do for cations?

A
  • aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
  • aqueous ammonia (NH4OH)
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3
Q

aluminium + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • white ppt
  • soluble in excess to form colourless solution
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4
Q

aluminium + aqueous ammonia?

A
  • white ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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5
Q

zinc + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • white ppt
  • soluble in excess to form colourless solution
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6
Q

zinc + aqueous ammonia?

A
  • white ppt
  • soluble in excess to form colourless solution
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7
Q

calcium + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • white ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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8
Q

calcium + aqueous ammonia?

A

not applicable

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9
Q

copper(II) + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • blue ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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10
Q

copper(II) + aqueous ammonia?

A
  • blue ppt
  • soluble in excess to form dark blue solution
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11
Q

iron(II) + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • green ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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12
Q

iron(II) + aqueous ammonia?

A
  • green ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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13
Q

iron(III) + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • red-brown ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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14
Q

iron(III) + aqueous ammonia?

A
  • red-brown ppt
  • insoluble in excess
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15
Q

ammonium + aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A
  • no ppt
  • on warming, pungent and colourless gas produced, turns damp red litmus paper blue (alkaline)
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16
Q

ammonium + aqueous ammonia?

A

not applicable

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17
Q

what are the 5 anions?

A
  1. carbonate (CO3 2-)
  2. sulfate (SO4 2-)
  3. chloride (Cl-)
  4. iodide (I-)
  5. nitrate (NO3-)
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18
Q

how to test for carbonate?

A
  1. add any dilute acid
    carbonate + acid → salt + CO2 + H2O
19
Q

if carbonate present, what are the test observations?

A
  • effervescence of a colourless & odourless gas produced
  • gas turns limewater cloudy, forms white ppt
20
Q

how to test for sulfate?

A
  1. add dilute nitric acid
  2. add aqueous barium nitrate
21
Q

what if sulfate is present?

A
  • white ppt formed
22
Q

how to test for chloride?

A
  1. add dilute nitric acid
  2. add aqueous silver nitrate
23
Q

how to test for chloride?

A
  1. add dilute nitric acid
  2. add aqueous silver nitrate
24
Q

what if chloride is present?

A
  • white ppt formed
25
Q

how to test for iodide?

A
  1. add dilute nitric acid
  2. add aqueous silver nitrate
26
Q

what if iodide is present?

A
  • yellow ppt formed
27
Q

how to test for nitrate?

A
  1. add aqueous sodium hydroxide
  2. add a small piece of aluminium foil
  3. warm the mixture
28
Q

what if nitrate is present?

A
  • effervescence of a colourless & pungent gas produced
  • gas turns damp red litmus paper blue
  • aluminium foil dissolves
29
Q

what are the 6 gases?

A
  1. carbon dioxide (CO2)
  2. ammonia (NH3)
  3. hydrogen (H2)
  4. oxygen (O2)
  5. sulfur dioxide (SO2)
  6. chlorine (Cl2)
30
Q

what is the colour of carbon dioxide?

A

colourless

31
Q

what is the colour of ammonia?

A

colourless

32
Q

what is the colour of hydrogen?

A

colourless

33
Q

what is the colour of oxygen?

A

colourless

34
Q

what is the colour of sulfur dioxide?

A

colourless

35
Q

what is the colour of chlorine?

A

yellow-green

36
Q

which gases are pungent?

A

ammonia, sulfur dioxide, chlorine

37
Q

how to test for carbon dioxide?

A
  • limewater
  • forms white ppt
38
Q

how to test for ammonia?

A
  • turns damp red litmus paper blue (alkaline, ammonia is the only alkaline gas)
39
Q

how to test for hydrogen?

A
  • extinguishes a lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound
40
Q

how to test for oxygen?

A
  • relights a glowing splint
41
Q

how to test for sulfur dioxide?

A
  • turns aqueous acidified potassium manganate (VII) from purple to colourless
42
Q

how to test for chlorine?

A
  • turns damp blue litmus paper red, then bleaches it
43
Q

how to test for chlorine?

A
  • turns damp blue litmus paper red, then bleaches it

chemistry 🧪 (3 decks)

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