Reactivity series Flashcards
Metal + water?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + steam?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Reaction of K and steam
React explosively, should not be carried out in the school lab
Reaction of Na and steam
React explosively, should not be carried out in the school lab
Reaction of Ca and steam
React explosively, should not be carried out in the school lab
Reaction of Ca and water
React readily
Reaction of K and water
React very violently, will explode
Reaction of Na and water
React violently, may explode. Na skids of the surface of the water
Reaction of mg with water
Reacts very slowly. Takes a few days to produce a test tube of hydrogen
Reaction of mg with steam
Hot mg reacts violently. A bright white glow is produced during the reaction
Reaction of zinc and water
No reaction
Reaction of iron and water
No reaction
Reaction of copper and water
No reaction
Reaction of silver and water
No reaction
Reaction of lead and water
No reaction
Reaction of zinc and steam
Hot zinc reacts readily. Yellow when hot and white when cold.
Reaction of iron and steam
Red-hot iron reacts slowly with steam. It has to be constantly heated for the reaction to progress.
Reaction of lead with steam
No reaction
Reaction of copper with steam
No reaction
Reaction of silver with steam
No reaction
Metal + HCl?
Metal chloride + hydrogen (For metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series)
Reaction of K with HCl
React explosively, should not be carried out in school lab
Reaction of Na and HCl
React explosively, should not be carried out in the school lab
Reaction of Ca and HCl
Reacts violently
Reaction of mg and HCl
Reacts rapidly
Reaction of zinc and HCl
Reacts moderately fast
Reaction of iron and HCl
Reacts slowly
Reaction of lead with HCl
No reaction as Lead form insoluble lead (II) chloride that coats the metal
Reaction of copper and HCl
No reaction
Reaction of silver and HCl
No reaction
Aluminium reaction with water
Aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air to form an insoluble layer of aluminium oxide, preventing further reaction
Aluminum reaction with steam
Aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air to form an insoluble layer of aluminium oxide, preventing further reaction
Metal + Carbon
Metal + CO2 (Only metal oxides below carbon can be reduced by carbon)
Metal oxide + hydrogen
Metal + steam (only metal oxides below hydrogen can be reduced by hydrogen)
Link between reactivity and temperature needed for reduction?
The higher the metal in the reactivity series, the higher the temperature needed for the reduction of the metal
Link between reactivity and tendency to form ions
A more reactive metal has a greater tendency to form positive ions compared to a less reactive metal
How do displacement reactions work
The more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal
What type of reaction is a displacement reaction
A redox reaction
Reaction between a metal and the oxide of another metal
The more reactive metals reduces the oxide of the less reactive metal
Action of heat on metal carbonates
The more reactive a metal is the harder it is to decompose its carbonate by heat
K carbonate with heat
Unaffected
Na carbonate with heat
Unaffected
Metals carbonates below Na with heat
Decomposes into metal oxide and CO2
Silver carbonate with heat
Decomposes to form silver oxide and CO2 which further decomposes to form silver
Which metals are extracted by electrolysis
K, Na, Ca, Mg (High up, stable, difficult to break down)
Which metals are extracted by reduction by carbon
Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ag (Lower, less stable)
Conditions for rusting
Water and oxygen
Reaction of iron during rusting
Iron is oxidised to form Iron (III) oxide
What increases the rate of rusting
Sodium Chloride
How to prevent rusting
Barrier methods or sacrificial protection
How do barrier methods work
By keeping iron away from oxygen and water (Painting, oiling, greasing, or coating)
What is sacrificial protection?
Use of a more reactive metal to protect iron and steel by reacting in stead of it (rust/ corrode)
Disadvantages of barrier methods
Rust will form if the layer is scratched or torn
Advantages of using a sacrificial metal
Metal does not rust even if layer is scratched
Advantages of barrier methods
Gives it a nice shiny finish
