Periodic table

Question 1

What do elements across a period have in common

Answer 1

Number of electron shells (same as period no.)

Question 2

What do elements down a group have in common

Answer 2

1) Those in same group have same no. of valence electrons

2) Elements in the same group have the same chemical properties

Question 3

Which elements form cations

Answer 3

Elements from Group 1, 2, 13 as they are metals and tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

Question 4

Which elements form anions

Answer 4

Elements from Group 15, 16 and 17 as they share electrons to form covalent bonds with non-metals or tend to gain electrons to form negative ions when bonded to a metal

Question 5

Which elements don’t form ions

Answer 5

Elements from Group 14 and 18 as they share electrons to form covalent bonds and already have full valence shells of electrons and do not form compounds

Question 6

What are metalloids

Answer 6

They are elements that have the properties of metals and non-metals

Question 7

Metallic properties across a period

Answer 7

There is a decrease in metallic properties and an increase in non-metallic properties across a period

Question 8

Metallic properties down a group

Answer 8

There is an increase in metallic properties and a decrease in non-metallic properties

Question 9

Alkali metals properties

Answer 9

-Soft and easily cut
-Low melting boiling point
-Low density (Li, Na, K float on water; density<water)
-reducing agents
-Very reactive

Question 10

Alkali group trends

Answer 10

-Reactivity increases down the group
-Density increases down the group (generally; except for K)
-Melting point decreases down the group
-Reducing power increases down the group

Question 11

Potassium react with water

Answer 11

Very violent reaction. Is explosive

Question 12

Na react with water

Answer 12

Violent reaction. Metal darts around the surface of the water. May be explosive

Question 13

Li react with water

Answer 13

Reacts quickly. Li floats on water

Question 14

Halogens properties

Answer 14

-Strong oxidising agents
-Small molecular structure (weak intermolecular bonds)
-Low melting and boiling point
-Non-metals
-Coloured
-Exist as diatomic molecules

Question 15

Trends of halogens

Answer 15

-Melting and boiling point increases down the group
-Colour intensity increases down the group
-Reactivity decreases down the group

Question 16

Colour and appearance of chlorine at rtp

Answer 16

Yellow-green gas

Question 17

Colour and appearance of bromine at rtp

Answer 17

Reddish-brown liquid

Question 18

Colour and appearance of iodine at rtp

Answer 18

Purple-black solid

Question 19

Reactivity link with displacement

Answer 19

A more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its solution

Question 20

Properties of noble gases

Answer 20

-Monoatomic non-metals
-Low melting and boiling points
-Colourless
-Unreactive (due to their fully filled valence shell)
-Insoluble in water

Question 21

Properties of transition metals

Answer 21

-Coloured
-Variable oxidation states
-High melting points and high densities
-Good catalysts

Question 22

Colour of Chromium (III) Chloride

Answer 22

Green

Question 23

Colour of iron (II) sulfate

Answer 23

Pale green

Question 24

Colour of manganese (IV) oxide

Answer 24

Brown-black

Question 25

Colour of copper (I) oxide

Answer 25

Red

Question 26

Colour of copper (II) oxide

Answer 26

Black

Question 27

Colour of potassium manganese (VII)

Answer 27

Purple

Question 28

Colour of Iron (III) Chloride

Answer 28

Yellow

Question 29

Colour of Potassium dichromate (VI)

Answer 29

Orange

Question 30

Trend of loss of electron

Answer 30

Increases down the group as the distance between the nucleus and the electron increases, therefore attraction between them decreases, increasing the tendency of the electron being lost

Question 31

Basic elements

Answer 31

Groups 1 & 2

Question 32

Amphoteric elements

Answer 32

Group 13

Question 33

Acidic elements

Answer 33

Groups 14, 15, 16, 17