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IB Chemistry > Reactivity 1.4 > Flashcards

Reactivity 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of spontaniety, describe a process which requires work to be done to make it happen

A

Non-spontaneous

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2
Q

In terms of spontaniety, describe a process which does not require work to make it happen

A

Spontaneous

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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE: All exothermic processes are spontaneous

A

False

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: All endothermic processes are non-spontaneous

A

False

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Spontaneous processes can be exothermic or endothermic

A

True

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The standard entropy of an element is zero

A

False

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7
Q

In terms of disorder, describe what happens when entropy is positive

A

Disorder increases

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8
Q

In terms of disorder, describe what happens when entropy is negative

A

Disorder decreases

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9
Q

State the units for enthalpy

A

kJ K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

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10
Q

State the units for entropy

A

J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

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11
Q

State the units for gibbs free energy

A

kJ K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

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12
Q

State the symbol for entropy

A

S

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13
Q

State the symbol for gibbs free energy

A

G

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14
Q

State the symbol for enthalpy

A

H

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15
Q

State the name of the measurement with the symbol H

A

Enthalpy

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16
Q

State the name of the measurement with the symbol S

A

Entropy

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17
Q

State the name of the measurement with the symbol G

A

Gibbs free energy

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18
Q

State the name of the measurement of dispersal of matter and energy in a system

A

Entropy

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19
Q

What does entropy measure?

A

The dispersal of matter and energy in a system

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20
Q

Describe how entropy changes if dispersal of matter and energy in a system increases

A

Entropy increases

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21
Q

Describe how entropy changes if dispersal of matter and energy in a system decreases

A

Entropy decreases

22
Q

Describe how the dispersal of matter and energy in a system changes if entropy is positive

A

The matter and energy becomes more dispersed OR increased amount of disorder

23
Q

Describe how the dispersal of matter and energy in a system changes if entropy is negative

A

The matter and energy becomes less dispersed OR decreased amount of disorder

24
Q

Describe how the entropy of a system changes as temperature increases

A

Entropy increases

25
Q

Describe how the entropy of a system changes as temperature decreases

A

Entropy descreases

26
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during melting

A

Positive

27
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during boiling

A

Positive

28
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during condensing

A

Negative

29
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during sublimation

A

Positive

30
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during vapour deposition

A

Negative

31
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during freezing

A

Negative

32
Q

Predict the sign of entropy when dissolving a solute to form a solution

A

Positive

33
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during precipitation

A

Negative

34
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during crystallization from a solution

A

Negative

35
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during a chemical reaction when a solid or liquid react to form a gas

A

Positive

36
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during a chemical reaction when gases react to form a solid or a liquid

A

Negative

37
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during a chemical reaction when there is a increase in the number of moles of gas

A

Positive

38
Q

Predict the sign of entropy during a chemical reaction when there is a decrease in the number of moles of gas

A

Negative

39
Q

State the value of standard entropy for a perfect crystal of a substance at 0 K

A

0 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

40
Q

Describe a substance that has a standard entropy of 0

A

A perfect crystal at 0 K

41
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a positive ΔG value

A

Non-spontaneous

42
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a negative ΔG value

A

Spontaneous

43
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a positive ΔH value and positive ΔS value

A

The reaction will be spontaneous at high temperatures

44
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a positive ΔH value and negative ΔS value

A

The reaction will be non-spontaneous at all temperatures

45
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a negative ΔH value and positive ΔS value

A

The reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures

46
Q

In terms of spontaneity, describe a reaction that has a negative ΔH value and negative ΔS value

A

The reaction will be spontaneous at low temperatures

47
Q

What is the value for ΔG when calculating the temperature at which a reaction becomes spontaneous?

A

0 kJ K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

48
Q

When does the value of the reaction quotient equal the value of the equilibrium constant? (Q = K)

A

ΔGr = 0 OR when the reaction is an equilibrium

49
Q

What does ΔGr = 0 tell you about a chemical reaction?

A

It is at equilibrium

50
Q

What is the value for ΔGr at equilibrium?

A

0 kJ K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

IB Chemistry (5 decks)

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