Reactive/Interstitial Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
With restrictive diseases, what do you expect to see on a PFT?
Normal or increased FEV1/FVC
Decreased lung volumes (TLC, RV)
Dyspnea and/or insidious non-productive cough and constitutional symptoms
PE reveals fine bibasilar inspiratory crackles, clubbing of fingers
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
What would you expect to see on a CT/CXR with a patient who has idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Diffuse reticular opacities (honeycombing)
Ground glass opacities
What would you expect to see on a lung biopsy of a person who has idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Honeycombing (Large cystic airspaces from cystic fibrotic alveolitis)
Chronic progressive interstitial scarring (fibrosis) from persistent inflammation which leads to loss of pulmonary function with restrictive component of unknown cause. Most common in men 40-50 y.o.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Fibrosing interstitial pneumonia)
What would you expect to see in a PFT of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
PFT consistent with restrictive lung disease
Decreased DLCO
How do you manage a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Smoking cessation and oxygen therapy
What is the only known cure for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Lung transplant
What is the most common diagnosis among patients with interstitial lung disease?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic fibrotic lung disease secondary to inhalation of mineral dust. The mineral dust is ingested by alveolar macrophages which triggers inflammation and the release of chemical mediators. This causes parenchymal fibrosis which leads to restrictive lung disease and decreased lung compliance.
Pneumoconiosis
What are the most common pneumoconioses?
Asbestosis
Coal workers pneumoconiosis (Black lung dz)
Berylliosis
Silicosis
Results from silica dust inhalation (mining, quarry work with granite/slate/quarts, pottery sandblasting
Silicosis
Type of pneumoconiosis often asymptomatic with or without dyspnea on exertion and a nonproductive cough
Silicosis
CXR reveals multiple small, round nodular opacities primarily in upper lobes. + eggshell calcifications of hilar and mediastinal nodes
Silicosis
What is the treatment for silicosis?
Supportive: Steroids, O2, rehab
Caused by inhalation of coal, carbon mine dust.
Coal workers Pneumoconiosis (black lung dz)
CXR shows Small upper lobe nodules with hyperinflation of lower lobes (resembles centrilobar emphysema seen with smoking)
CWP
What is Caplan syndrome?
Coal workers pneumoconiosis + RA
How do you manage CWP?
Supportive
Seen with high-technology fields, electronics, aerospace, ceramics, neckwear power, fluorescent light bulbs and tool and die manufacturing that causes noncaseating granulomas. Results in an increased risk of lung, stomach, and colon cancer
Berylliosis
Symptoms are similar to silicosis + joint pains, weight loss, and fever
Berylliosis
CXR reveals diffuse infiltrates and hilar adenopathy; increased interstitial lung markings, normal 50% of the time
Berylliosis
What is the management plan for berylliosis?
Steroids, O2, methotrexate if corticosteroids fail
Due to cotton exposure in patients employed in the textile industries; aka “Monday fever” or “Brown lung disease”
Byssinosis