Reactions With Benzene And Phenol

Question 1

Nitration of benzene

Answer 1

Conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 / 50*C

Electrophile: NO2+

Question 2

Halogenation of benzene

Answer 2

Cl 2 / FeCl3 or AlCl3

Br 2 / FeBr3 or AlCl3

RTM AND RPR
electrophile: Br+ or Cl+

Question 3

Alkylation of benzene

Answer 3

Friedel- Crafts alkylation

Haloalkane / AlCl3

Product longer C chain and HCl
Electrophile: (alkyl)+

Question 4

Acylation of benzene

Answer 4

Acylchloride / AlCl3

Product: aromatic ketone + HCl
Electrophile: eg ( CH3CO+ ) no chloride

Question 5

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

Answer 5

Heated under reflux with Sn/ conc. HCl followed by excess NaOH(aq)

6(H) Sn and HCl act as reducing agents

Question 6

Phenol + NaOH

Answer 6

Phenol O- Na+ (sodium phenoxide)
And H2O

Neutralisation
NaOH is a strong base

Question 7

Phenol + 3Br2

Answer 7

RTM
2,4,6 - tribromophenol ( white precipitate)

And 3HBr

Question 8

Phenol + HNO3

Answer 8

Dilute HNO3 and RTM
Reacts readily

NO2 on 2 and NO2 on 4 (both formed)
And H2O

2 ( ortho )
4 (para )