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Biochem > Reactions teori > Flashcards

Reactions teori Flashcards

1
Q

Synthesis of Purine nucleotides (de novo)

- kort forklart

A

Glucose –> Glucose-6-phosphate –> Ribose-5-phosphate

Ribose-5-phosphate –> 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) –> 5-phosphoribosyl-amine –> Inosine monophosphate (IMP): 2 pathways

  • -> Adenylosuccinate -> Adenosine diphosphate (ADP): 2 pathways -> Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
  • -> Xanthosine monophosphate -> Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) -> Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) -> Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)
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2
Q

Degradation of purine nucleotides, AMP

- kort fortalt

A

AMP –> Adenosine, 2pathways:
–> Inosine -> hypoxanthine
–> Adenine -> hypoxanthine
Hypoxanthine –> Xanthine –> Uric Acid –> Allantoine

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3
Q

Degradation of purine nucleotides, GMP

- kort fortalt

A

GMP –> Guanosine –> Guanine –> Xanthine –> Uric Acid –> Allantoine

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4
Q

Synthesis of Pyrimidine nucleotides (de novo)

- kort fortalt

A

HCO3 –> Carbamoyl-P –> N-carbomylaspartate –> Dihydroorotate –> Orotate –> Orotidylate –> Uridine monophosphate (UMP) –> UDP –> UTP –> Cytidinetriphosphate (CTP)

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5
Q

Degradation of Pyrimidine nucleotides

- kort fortalt

A

CMP –> UMP –> Uridine –> Uracil –> Dihydro-uracil –> Ureido-proprionate –> Beta-alanine, 2 pathways:

  • > Aceetate
  • > HS-CoA
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6
Q

Enzyme needed in resynthesis of nucleotides (salvalge pathway) in

1) Each nucleotide
2) Purine nucleotides
a) eukaryotes
b) prokaryotes

A

1: Nucleoside kinase
2: Adenine-phosphoribosyltransferase
a) Hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)
b) Xanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT)

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7
Q

Synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides

- kort fortalt

A

ADP, GDP, CDP, UDP –> dADP, dGDP, dCDP, dUDP –> dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dUTP –> dUMP –> dTMP –> dTDP –> dTTP

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8
Q

Nucleotide =

A

base + pentose + phosphate

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9
Q

Nucleoside =

A

base + pentose

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10
Q

Pentose =

A

ribose or (2-)deoxy-ribose

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11
Q

Types of Purine bases:

A

Adenine, guanine

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12
Q

Types of Pyrimidine bases:

A

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

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13
Q

Uracil, Thymine and Cytosine bounds to?

A

Uracil: only ribose
Thymine: only deoxyribose
Cytosine: ribose or deoxyribose

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14
Q

Enzyme needed in glucose –> glucose 6-phosphate?

A

Hexokinase

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15
Q

Enzyme needed in ribose 5-phosphate –>5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP)

A

PRPP synthetase

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16
Q

Enzyme needed in 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) –> 5-phosphoribosyl-amine

A

PRPP amidotransferase

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17
Q

Enzyme needed in Inosine monophosphate (IMP) –> Xanthosine monophosphate

A

IMP dehydrogenase

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18
Q

Enzyme needed in Inosine monophosphate (IMP) –> Adenylosuccinate

A

Adenylosuccinate synthetase

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19
Q

Enzyme needed in Xanthosine monophosphate –> Guanosine monophosphate (GMP)

A

GMP synthetase

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20
Q

Enzyme needed in Adenylosuccinate –> Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

A

adenylosucinate lyase

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21
Q

Enzyme needed in Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) –> Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) –> guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

A

1: Nucleotide kinase
2: Nucleoside diphosphate kinase

22
Q

Enzyme needed in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) –> Adenosinde duphosphate (ADP)

A

Nucleotide kinase

23
Q

reaction needed in Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) –> Adenoisne triphosphate (ATP)

A

1: Substrate level phosphorylation
2: Oxidative phosphorylation

24
Q

Enzyme needed in AMP –> Adenosine

A

Nucleotidase

25
Q

Enzyme needed in Adenosine –> inosine

A

Adenosine deaminase

26
Q

Enzyme needed in Inosine –> hypoxanthine

A

Nucleoside phosphorylase

27
Q

Enzyme needed in Adenosine –> Adenine

A

Nucleoside phosphorylase

28
Q

Enzyme needed in Adenine –> Hypoxanthine

A

Adenine deaminase

29
Q

Enzyme needed in Hypoxanthine –> Xanthine

A

Xanthine oxidase

30
Q

Enzyme needed in Xanthine –> Uric acid

A

Xanthine oxidase

31
Q

Enzyme needed in Uric acid –> allantoine

A

Uricase

32
Q

Enzyme needed in GMP –> guanosine

A

Nucleotidase

33
Q

Enzyme needed in Guanosine –> Guanine

A

Nucleoside phosphorylase

34
Q

Enzyme needed in Guanine –> Xanthine

A

Guanine desaminase

35
Q

Enzyme needed in HCO3- –> Carbamoyl-P

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II.

36
Q

Enzyme needed in Carbamoyl-P –> N-carbamoyl aspartate

A

Aspartate transcarbamoylase

37
Q

Enzyme needed in N-carbamoyl aspartate –> Dihydroorotate

A

dihydroorotase

38
Q

Enzyme needed in Dihydroorotate –> Orotate

A

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

39
Q

Enzyme needed in orotate –> orotidylate

A

orotidylate decarboxylase

40
Q

Enzyme needed in orotidylate –> Uridine monophosphate (UMP)

A

Orotidylate decarboxylase

41
Q

Enzyme needed in Uridine monophosphate –> UDP

A

UMP kinase

42
Q

Enzyme needed in UDP –> UTP –> CTP

A

1: nucleoside diphosphate kinase
2: CTP synthetase

43
Q

Enzyme needed in CMP –> UMP

A

CMP-deaminase

44
Q

Enzyme needed in UMP –> uridine

A

Nukleotidase

45
Q

Enzyme needed in Uridine –> Uracil

A

Nucleoside phosphorylase

46
Q

Enzyme needed in Uracil –> dihydro-uracil

A

Pyrimidine dehydrogenase

47
Q

Enzyme needed in dihydro-uracil –> Ureido-propionate

A

dihydropyrimidinase

48
Q

Enzyme needed in Ureido-prpionate –> Beta-alanine

A

ureido-propionase

49
Q

Enzyme needed in ADP, GDP, CDP, UDP –> dADP, dGDP, dCDP, dUDP

A

Ribonucleooside-diphosphate-reductase

50
Q

Enzyme needed in dADP, dGDP, dCDP, dUDP –> dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dUTP

A

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase

51
Q

Enzyme needed in dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dUTP –> dUMP

A

dUTPase / dUTP-phosphatase

52
Q

Enzyme needed in dUMP –> dTMP

A

Thymidilate synthase (and Cobalamin)

Biochem (14 decks)

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