Reactions (Reagents And Conditions, Mechanisms)

Question 1

Give the reagents and conditions for hydrogenation of an alkene

Answer 1

Hydrogen gas,
Platinum catalyst at room temperature
OR
Nickel catalyst at high T+P

Question 2

Give the reagents and conditions for hydration of an alkene in industry

Answer 2

Steam, high T+P, Phosphoric Acid catalyst

Question 3

Give the catalyst involved in cracking of an alkane

Answer 3

Aluminum Oxide; Al2O3

Question 4

Give the reagents and conditions involved in BOTH reactions for the dehydration of an alcohol

Answer 4

Few drops of conc. sulfuric acid,
Heat under reflux
AND/OR
Aluminium Oxide catalyst
High T+P

Question 5

Dehydration of an alcohol is an example of what kind of mechanism?

Answer 5

Elimination (NOT hydrolysis!)

Question 6

Give the reagents and conditions to turn an alkene into a haloalkane

Answer 6

Halogen/Hydrogen Halide,
RTP

Question 7

Give the reagents and conditions to turn an alkane into a haloalkane

Answer 7

• Halogen (eg, chlorine, bromine)
• High energy UV radiation

Question 8

What is the name of the mechanism that turns an alkane into a haloalkane?

Answer 8

Radical substitution reaction

Question 9

What is the name of the mechanism that turns an alkene into a haloalkane?

Answer 9

Electrophilic addition reaction

Question 10

What are the reagents and conditions for turning a haloalkane into an alcohol?

Answer 10

Nucleophile (eg water or hydroxide ions),
Heat under reflux

Question 11

What is the name of the mechanism for turning a haloalkane into an alcohol (and vice versa)?

Answer 11

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 12

Give the reagents and conditions for hydration of an alkene in a LAB

Answer 12

• Steam
• High T+P
• Conc. sulfuric acid catalyst

Question 13

Define ‘addition reaction’

Answer 13

Where 2 molecules react to give just one product molecule

Question 14

What reagents and conditions are required to turn an alcohol into a haloalkane?

Answer 14

•Halogen,
•Acidic conditions
(Ideally hydrogen halide as they provide both)
• Heat under reflux

Question 15

Give the reagents and conditions for producing the two products of oxidising a primary alcohol, giving the functional groups created

Answer 15

•Boil with acidified potassium dichromate/K2Cr2O7/H+
•Distill immediately to produce aldehyde
•Heat under reflux to produce carboxylic acid

Question 16

Give the reagents and conditions for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol, naming the functional group formed

Answer 16

•Boil under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate/K2Cr2O7/H+
•The functional group will be a ketone

Question 17

Give the reagents and conditions for turning an alcohol into an ester

Answer 17

• Any carboxylic acid OR acid anhydride
• Conc. H2SO4
• Heat under reflux

Question 18

Give the reactions that require acidic conditions to occur, giving the name of the appropriate acidic substance used

Answer 18

• Esterification - few drops of conc. H2SO4
• Alcohol to Haloalkane - ideally hydrogen halide but conc. H2SO4 also works
• Hydration of an alkene - phosphoric acid catalyst
• Dehydration of an alcohol - few drops of conc. H2SO4