Developing Fuels

Question 1

What is the reaction that occurs in catalytic converters to transform NO and CO to less harmful products?

Answer 1

2NO + 2CO -> N2 + 2CO2

Question 2

Give the two requirements for E/Z stereoisomerism

Answer 2

•A Carbon-Carbon double bond (C=C) AS it cannot rotate
•Each Carbon of the C=C bond must be bonded to two atoms/groups

Question 3

What are the units of measurement for the ideal gas equation; PV=nRT?

Answer 3

P -> Pascals/Pa
V -> Volume/m^3
n -> Moles/mol
R -> Gas constant = 8.314
T -> Kelvin/k (NOT CELCIUS)

Question 4

What is avogadro’s law?

Answer 4

Equal volumes of gas, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles

Question 5

Give the definition of an electrophile

Answer 5

A positive ion or molecule with a partially positive region which is attracted to a negative region in a molecule, and reacts by accepting a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 6

Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond making, why a fuel gives out energy when it burns

Answer 6

The energy required for the breaking of bonds is less than the energy given out from the making of bonds

Question 7

Define the term ‘aliphatic’

Answer 7

Compounds that do not contain a benzine ring

Question 8

What is an arene?

Answer 8

A compound that contains a benzine ring

Question 9

Define ‘standard enthalpy change of neutralisation’

Answer 9

The enthalpy change when an acid and an alkalai react together under standard conditions to create one mole of water

Question 10

Which of the below are unsaturated compounds? :
•Benzene
•Cyclopentane
•Pentene

Answer 10

Benzene and pentene (Cyclic compounds with only C-C are saturated)

Question 11

What extra step must always be done after an enthalpy change has been calculated?

Answer 11

Add negative or positive sign in front of the number (depending on whether exothermic or endothermic respectively)