Reactions of carbonyls

Question 1

Functional group of carbonyls

Answer 1

-c=o

Question 2

types of carbonyls

Answer 2

aldehyde and ketone

Question 3

difference between aldehyde and ketone

Answer 3

• In aldeHYDES the functional group is terminal

- In ketones the functional group can be found within the compound

Question 4

naming aldehyde

Answer 4

alkylnal

Question 5

naming ketone

Answer 5

alkanone

Question 6

Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones

Answer 6

They have less electron donating R groups which makes the Carbonyl C more positive hence more likely to undergo nucleophilic attack

Question 7

formation of Aldehyde

Answer 7

Oxidation of primary alcohol

• KMnO4/ KCr2O7
• distill

Question 8

Formation of Ketone

Answer 8

Oxidation of secondary alcohol

• acidified KCr2O7
• reflux

Question 9

Carbonyl to Alcohol

Answer 9

Reduction
-LiAlH4 or NaBH4 or H2 + Ni catalyst

• in dry ether

Question 10

carbonyl to carboxylic acid

Answer 10

acidified KMnO4
heat/reflux
(ketone does not undergo oxidation)

Question 11

carbonyl to nitrile

Answer 11

HCN + NaCN catalyst

cold

Question 12

Test for carbonyls

Answer 12

2,4-DNPH
warm
orange ppt
condensation reaction

Question 13

Iodoform reaction

Answer 13

-aqeous iodine and NaOH
warm
yellow CHI3 Crystal’s formed

Question 14

Test for Carbonyls(Fehling’s)

Answer 14

Aldehyde
- deep blue to red orange
(except benzaldehyde)

Ketone
- remains deep blue

Question 15

Testing for Carbonyls (Tollen’s)

Answer 15

aldehyde
- colorless grey ppt

ketones
- no reaction remains colorless

Question 16

What is fehling’s solution made of?

Answer 16

Cu2+

Question 17

What is Tollens reagent made of?

Answer 17

Ag(NH3)2^+