Reactions Of Amines

Question 1

How do amines react with water

Answer 1

-react as bases, lone pair on amines nitrogen atom accepts hydrogen from water molecule releasing OH- ions into solution and produce alkylammonium ion, reversible reaction as amine weak base

Question 2

What do amines react with acids to produce

Answer 2

Form an ammonium salt and accept a proton, these salts are ionic and dissolve

Question 3

How to reverse reaction of amine reacting with acid to produce ammonium salt

Answer 3

Add dilute strong base (eg NaOH) which will accept proton, to produce Na2SO4 and water

Question 4

Reaction of amines with copper (II) ions

Answer 4

In solution the copper ions react with water to form copper aqua ion [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (blue solution), amine then acts as base to accept 2 protons from the water ligands to give a blue precipitate Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (blue precip) and ammonium salt
-with an excess of amine forms [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ which is deeper blue solution

Question 5

How to produce aromatic amine

Answer 5

Reduction of nitrobenzene (NO2) bonded to benzene ring using conc HCl and tin catalyst, then deprotonate product (NH3+) by adding strong base and then separate Phenylamine using steam distillation as product decomposes at its bp

Question 6

What does lp on nitrogen atom mean amines can react as

Answer 6

Can undergo nucleophilic reactions as nucleophile with acyl chlorides/halogenoalkanes

Question 7

What do amines react with acyl chlorides to produce and what type of reaction is this

Answer 7

Produce amides/N-substituted amides and HCl in nucleophilic addition/elimination

Question 8

How to name N-substituted amides

Answer 8

Prefix indicates length of carbon chain bonded to nitrogen atom only and suffix indicates carbon chain which contains carbonyl bond(include C of carbonyl bond)

Question 9

Explain process of nucleophilic substitution with halogenoalkanes

Answer 9

Lp on nitrogen attacks delta positive C of C-X causing that bond to break heterolytically and halogen leave, forms N substituted amine with positive nitrogen atom so one hydrogen atom leaves and gives its electron to form HX which reacts with excess amine (base) to form salt

Question 10

When is complex soluble

Answer 10

When charged as can interact with polar water

Question 11

What is a complex

Answer 11

A species formed between a central metal ion and coordinately bonded ligands