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Chemistry S2 > Reactions Of Air > Flashcards

Reactions Of Air Flashcards

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1
Q

What is air?

A

Air is a mixture of gases in the lower part of the atmosphere which is vital to all life on earth.

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2
Q

Which gas makes up most of the air?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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3
Q

What gases make up the air?

A 
Nitrogen = 78%
Oxygen = 21%
Argon = 0.9%
Carbon dioxide = 0.04%
Other gases = traces
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4
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Test for oxygen = Oxygen will re-light a glowing taper

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5
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide = carbon dioxide will turn limewater cloudy

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6
Q

What is the test for nitrogen?

A

Test for nitrogen = There’s no unique test for nitrogen - the tests we did had no effect

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7
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround the earth.

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8
Q

State the relationship between the volume of air available and the length of time a candle will burn.

A

The greater the volume of air available the longer the length of to,e it takes for a candle to burn.

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9
Q

What are 5 reasons humanity needs energy?

A 
Transport 
Heat
Food
Electrical appliances - light
Light for vitamins + to grow plants
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10
Q

Where does energy come from?

A

Energy comes from the sun - plants often supply energy but these need light.

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11
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A fuel is a substance which can be used as a source of energy. Most fuels release energy when they burn

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12
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

A fossil fuel is one that is dug out the ground, having been formed from remains of living things, crushed under pressure over millions of years.

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13
Q

What are the three main fossil fuels?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

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14
Q

What type of resource are fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are a finite resource. They cannot be replaced after being used.

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15
Q

What is the name of the chemical compound found in fossil fuels mainly?

A

Hydrocarbons

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16
Q

What do hydrocarbons contain?

A

Hydrocarbon is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only

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17
Q

What does coal mainly consist of?

A

Carbon

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18
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion = burning - rapid reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen, catches fire and gives out energy.

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19
Q

What is the combustion word formula?

A

Fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water vapour

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20
Q

When a crucible lid is being heated by a safety flame, why does it turn black?

A

When a safety flame is used, it doesn’t get enough oxygen. Therefore, instead of producing carbon dioxide, it produces carbon (soot).

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21
Q

What is air pollution?

A

Air pollution is a result of impurities in the air. Most of these pollutants come from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.

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22
Q

What is a carbon monoxide?

A

When fossil fuels burn, some carbon monoxide is produced due to incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide is toxic.

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23
Q

What is carbon dioxide?

A

All fossil fuels contain carbon, so when they are burned, they produce carbon dioxide.

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24
Q

What is soot?

A

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels can also form soot (carbon) particles which are carried in the air and can blacken buildings and damage health.

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25
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Since fossil fuels such as oil and coal contain sulphur, the burning of these fuels produce sulphur dioxide. This gas dissolves in rain water to form acid rain.

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26
Q

What is a second gas that contributes to the problem of acid rain?

A

Nitrogen dioxide

27
Q

How does nitrogen dioxide form?

A

It is present in car exhaust fumes as it forms when nitrogen and oxygen in the air combine in the presence of electrical sparks in car engines.

28
Q

What is the effect of acid rain on plant life?

A

Plant life can die if the soil is too acidic

29
Q

What is the effect of acid rain on pond life?

A

It kills it

30
Q

What effect does acid rain have on iron structures?

A

Acid rain can dissolve, corrode and rust iron structures

31
Q

What effect does acid rain have on limestone structures?

A

Reacts with acid rain and dissolves

32
Q

Why is carbon dioxide essential to all life?

A

Carbon dioxide is absolutely essential to all life on earth because plants and trees use it to control the levels of carbon dioxide when they use it in a process called photosynthesis. During this process, carbon dioxide is used up and supplies of oxygen are replenished.

33
Q

Why are the levels of carbon dioxide building up?

A

Increase in fossil fuels produce more CO2

We are cutting down plants - so less photosynthesis

34
Q

What are the two processes called that keep the ‘perfect balance’ between plants and animals?

A

Photosynthesis

Respiration

35
Q

What is carbon footprint?

A

It is the amount of carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization or community.

36
Q

What are factors that can have an impact on your carbon footprint?

A

Transportation
Food
Housing

37
Q

What are four things someone could do to improve your carbon footprint?

A

Limit meat consumption
Consume local and seasonal products
Avoid waste
Use public transport

38
Q

What is the appearance of copper before heating ?

A

It is shiny, orangey brown

39
Q

What is the appearance of copper after heating?

A

It was black

40
Q

Why did copper turn black after heating?

A

A reaction takes place between the copper and oxygen producing copper oxide?

41
Q

After allowing the copper to cool and scraping off the surface what do u see?

A

The black stuff (copper oxide) came off and underneath it was a browney orange

42
Q

What is the appearance of copper when heated in the air?

A

It stayed browney orange and shiny

43
Q

What is necessary for the formation of the black coating on the copper?

A

Oxygen (+heat and copper)

44
Q

What happened if the gas flow was shut off to the copper metal?

A

If it was hot enough it may have reacted with the oxygen

45
Q

Why was it necessary to move the syringe backwards and forwards?

A

To move the air (oxygen) so that it passes through the copper and reacts

46
Q

After three minutes, heating was stopped. The apparatus was allowed to cool before measuring the volume of air in the syringes. Give a reason for this?

A

So that the gas cools, when gases are heated, they expand

47
Q

Describe the appearance of the copper after heating

A

It was black

48
Q

What were the results of this experiment?

A

Volume of the air in the syringe before heating = 100 cm3
Volume of the air in the syringe after the experiment = 80 cm3
Volume of the air that reacted with the copper = 20cm3
Percentage of the air used up by the copper = 20%
Fraction of the air used by the copper = 1/5

49
Q

What was the conclusion for this experiment?

A

When the copper was heated in air about 20% was used up. Oxygen makes up about 20% of the air.
When copper is heated in air, it reacts with oxygen, forming copper oxide.

50
Q

Is there a change in mass when a metal is heated in air?

A

Yes.

51
Q

Does copper increase or decrease in mass when heated in air and why?

A

The copper has increased in mass because it has reacted with oxygen (oxygen atoms combine with copper)

52
Q

What is the appearance of the magnesium before heating?

A

A thin shiny ribbon of silver coloured metal

53
Q

What does magnesium look like on heating?

A

A very bright white light

54
Q

Describe the appearance of the product after magnesium is burnt?

A

It was white, powdery and crumbly

55
Q

Method of the experiment done to show if there is a change in mass when magnesium is heated in the air?

A

Set up apparatus as shown
Measure the mass of the crucible with the lid and magnesium (m2)
Heat crucible lifting the lid occasionally with tongs
Once magnesium reacts (changes appearance) turn off the Bunsen and allow to cool
Once cool measure the mass of the crucible and magnesium oxide
To find the increase in mass subtracts m2 from m3

56
Q

What was the conclusion of this experiment?

A

The magnesium had increased in mass because it has reacted with oxygen to form magnesium oxide

57
Q

How is an element’s oxide produced?

A

When an element joins up with oxygen to form a compound is when an element’s oxide is produced

58
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation is the process or the combination of an element with oxygen.

59
Q

What were the results of the experiment where u needed to investigate the conditions necessary to rust.

A

The iron nail in the tap water (oxygen and water) rusts
The iron nail in the calcium chloride (oxygen only) did not rust
The iron nail in the freshly boiled water (water only) did not rust

60
Q

What was the conclusion of the iron wool experiment?

A

The iron wool now has a rusty appearance and the water level has risen about 20% of the way up the tube. Since 20% of the air is oxygen, it is reasonable to assume that the iron has combined with the oxygen during rusting.

61
Q

What is rust indicator used for?

A

Rust indicator is used to measure the amount of rusting that takes place. The more blue the colour, the more rusting there is.

62
Q

What was the conclusion of the acid rain and salt water experiment?

A

The results show that both acid rain and Saltwater increase the speed of rusting

63
Q

What is the method and results and conclusion for the effect of temperature experiment?

A

Fill three test tubes with a small quantity of acid rain
Place 1 test tube in a beaker with ice and one test tube in a beaker with hot water. Place the final test tube in an empty beaker
Leave for 30 seconds
Add a nail into each test tube as well as some rust indicator
Leave for a short time and a serve the change in rust indicator

Results
The hotter the water the more blue the rust indicator turned

Conclusion
The results show that an increase in temperature increases the speed of rusting

64
Q

What is the method of the prevention of rusting experiment?

A
  • get 6 iron nails
  • dip one in melted wax, dip one in Vaseline, coat one in nail polish, coat one in zinc, coat one in magnesium and leave one uncoated.
  • leave for a week
  • put some acid rain onto the nails to speed up the rusting process if it rusts
  • observe/check each nail for rust

Chemistry S2 (2 decks)

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