Reactions flow chart+some more organic chem Flashcards
alkene to alkane
addition (H2 gas, Ni catalyst)
alkane to alkene
- alkane to halegenoalkane:
substitution (Br2, UV light) - halogenoalkane to alkene
elimination (concentrated KOH)
alkane to halogenolkane
substituion (Br2 and UV light)
alkane to primary alcohol
- alkane to halogenoalkane
substitution (Br2, UV light) - halogenoalkane to primary alcohol
substitution (NaOH (aq), reflux)
alkane to secondary alcohol
- alkane to halogenolkane
- halogenoalkane to alkene (KOH in alcoholic solution)
- alkene to secondary alcohol
addition (concentrated H2SO4, or H3PO4 catalyst)
1° alcohol to aldehyde
oxidation (Cr2O7,H+ aq)
aldehyde to 1° alcohol OR ketone to 2° alcohol
reduction (NaBH4)
aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Oxidation (Cr2O7, H+ (aq), distilled)
2° alcohol to ketone
Oxidation (Cr2O7, H+ (aq), reflux)
carboxylic acid to aldehyde
reduction (LiAlH4)
carboxylic acid to ester
esterification (R’OH concentrated, H2SO4 catalyst)
ester to carboxylic acid
hydrolosis (reflux, H+ aq OR OH- aq)
halogenoalkane to nitrile
substitution (of the halogen for a CN) (NaCN in aqueous ethanol solution, reflux)
nitrile to 1° amine
reduction (LiAlH4, OR H2 (g) and Ni catalyst
1° amine to 2° amine
reduction (R’ Br)
nitrile to carboxylic acid
hydrolosis (H+ (aq), H20, reflux)
nitrile to 1° amide
hydrolosis (Heat with H+ (aq), or OH- (aq))
1° amide to 1° amine
reduction (H2 g, Ni catalyst, heat, OR LiAlH4)
Sn1: haloalkane degree, solvent, product chirality
degree: 3 degree is best
Solvent: protic (N-H or H-O bonds)
product: racemic mixture
Sn2:haloalkane degree, solvent, product chirality
degree: lower is best
solvent: aprotic (no N-H or O-H bonds)
product: inversion of the original (like if you start with one enantiomer, the product will be the other enantiomer of the same thing)