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Chemistry > Reactions > Flashcards

Reactions Flashcards

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0
Q

Is esterification a reversible reaction?

A

Yes! :)

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1
Q

Conditions needed for esterification?

A

Heat, concentrated H2SO4

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2
Q

Whats the diff between esterification and aminolysis?

A

Esterification: between carboxylic acid and alcohol to create an ester, reversible, needs heat and H+; Aminolysis: between carboxylic acid and amine to create an amide, not reversible, only requires heat

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3
Q

Whats another name for alkylation (for benzene rings)?

A

Friedel Crafts

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4
Q

What are the conditions needed for Friedel Crafts?

A

AlCl3

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5
Q

Conditions needed for halogenation of alkanes?

A

UV light

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6
Q

Conditions needed for halogenation of alkenes/alkynes?

A

No conditions needed, this process occurs rapidly (even in the dark)

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7
Q

Conditions needed for halogenation of benzene rings?

A

Fe/FeX3 (X being the halogen itself)

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8
Q

Which type of reactions do alkenes/alkynes usually undergo?

A

Addition Reactions

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9
Q

Which type of reactions do alkanes usually undergo?

A

Substitution

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10
Q

Is there any by-product formed in the halogenation reaction of alkanes? If yes, then what is it?

A

Yes, HX where X is the halogen itself

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11
Q

In the halogenation of alkynes, what is the ratio of the moles of organic compound to the moles of the halogen?

A

1:2 (Eg. 2Cl2+C6H10)

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12
Q

What do we need to do to oxidise an alcohol (given that it will actually undergo oxidation)?

A

Add acidified potassium permanganate solution/or acidified potassium dichromate solution
KMnO4: purple to colourless (when oxidation occurs)
K2Cr2O7: orange to green (when oxidation occurs)

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13
Q

What is formed when we oxidise a primary alcohol (succesfully)?

A

Carboxylic acid (+Water)

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14
Q

What is formed when you oxidise a secondary alcohol (successfully)?

A

Ketone (+H2O)

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15
Q

Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds acidic properties?

A

Carboxylic Acid and Phenol (AHHH dont forget Phenol PELELEASE)

16
Q

Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds basic properties?

A

Aminessss

17
Q

I know this is not really a reaction but which functional group gives the organic compound a sweet-smell?

A

Esters

18
Q

If I want to form C6H6-CH3, what should I react C6H6 with? Any conditions needed?

A

Reagent:
CH3Cl
Condition(s):
AlCl3

19
Q

What’s the difference between hydration and hydrogenation?

A

Hydration: adding H2O to the compound
Hydrogenation: adding H2 to the compound
plus one of them has a -ogen instead of the a (okay bad joke)

20
Q

Primary alcohols, when oxidised, undergo two stages to eventually form a carboxylic acid. What is the formed in the intermediate stage?

A

Aldehyde+H2O

21
Q

How do you differentiate between the products formed from a primary alcohol oxidation reaction and a secondary alcohol oxidation reaction?

A

Primary: Carboxylic Acid (turns blue litmus paper red) (add CO3: CO2 formed –> effervescence)
Secondary: Ketone (doesnt change colour of both litmus papers) (add CO3: nth formed)

22
Q

Can tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation? If not, why?

A

No, they do not have a extra hydrogen atom on the carbon available for oxidation. Therefore, they resist oxidation.

23
Q

In esters, naming: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?

A

Alcohol

Father comes first (so gender biased) in naming

24
Q

In esters, for condensed formulas: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?

A

Acid

25
Q

What are the conditions needed for the hydrogenation of alkenes & alkynes?

A

Ni/Pt/Pd, heat, pressure

26
Q

What are the conditions needed for hydration?

A

H3PO4 and heat (400deg to be specific)

27
Q

What are the conditions needed for the cracking of alkanes?

A

Pt and heat (basically Pt is an eg of a solid catalyst thats used)

Chemistry (3 decks)

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