Reactions Flashcards
Is esterification a reversible reaction?
Yes! :)
Conditions needed for esterification?
Heat, concentrated H2SO4
Whats the diff between esterification and aminolysis?
Esterification: between carboxylic acid and alcohol to create an ester, reversible, needs heat and H+; Aminolysis: between carboxylic acid and amine to create an amide, not reversible, only requires heat
Whats another name for alkylation (for benzene rings)?
Friedel Crafts
What are the conditions needed for Friedel Crafts?
AlCl3
Conditions needed for halogenation of alkanes?
UV light
Conditions needed for halogenation of alkenes/alkynes?
No conditions needed, this process occurs rapidly (even in the dark)
Conditions needed for halogenation of benzene rings?
Fe/FeX3 (X being the halogen itself)
Which type of reactions do alkenes/alkynes usually undergo?
Addition Reactions
Which type of reactions do alkanes usually undergo?
Substitution
Is there any by-product formed in the halogenation reaction of alkanes? If yes, then what is it?
Yes, HX where X is the halogen itself
In the halogenation of alkynes, what is the ratio of the moles of organic compound to the moles of the halogen?
1:2 (Eg. 2Cl2+C6H10)
What do we need to do to oxidise an alcohol (given that it will actually undergo oxidation)?
Add acidified potassium permanganate solution/or acidified potassium dichromate solution
KMnO4: purple to colourless (when oxidation occurs)
K2Cr2O7: orange to green (when oxidation occurs)
What is formed when we oxidise a primary alcohol (succesfully)?
Carboxylic acid (+Water)
What is formed when you oxidise a secondary alcohol (successfully)?
Ketone (+H2O)
Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds acidic properties?
Carboxylic Acid and Phenol (AHHH dont forget Phenol PELELEASE)
Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds basic properties?
Aminessss
I know this is not really a reaction but which functional group gives the organic compound a sweet-smell?
Esters
If I want to form C6H6-CH3, what should I react C6H6 with? Any conditions needed?
Reagent:
CH3Cl
Condition(s):
AlCl3
What’s the difference between hydration and hydrogenation?
Hydration: adding H2O to the compound
Hydrogenation: adding H2 to the compound
plus one of them has a -ogen instead of the a (okay bad joke)
Primary alcohols, when oxidised, undergo two stages to eventually form a carboxylic acid. What is the formed in the intermediate stage?
Aldehyde+H2O
How do you differentiate between the products formed from a primary alcohol oxidation reaction and a secondary alcohol oxidation reaction?
Primary: Carboxylic Acid (turns blue litmus paper red) (add CO3: CO2 formed –> effervescence)
Secondary: Ketone (doesnt change colour of both litmus papers) (add CO3: nth formed)
Can tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation? If not, why?
No, they do not have a extra hydrogen atom on the carbon available for oxidation. Therefore, they resist oxidation.
In esters, naming: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?
Alcohol
Father comes first (so gender biased) in naming
In esters, for condensed formulas: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?
Acid
What are the conditions needed for the hydrogenation of alkenes & alkynes?
Ni/Pt/Pd, heat, pressure
What are the conditions needed for hydration?
H3PO4 and heat (400deg to be specific)
What are the conditions needed for the cracking of alkanes?
Pt and heat (basically Pt is an eg of a solid catalyst thats used)
