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NST IA Chemistry > Reactions > Flashcards

Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

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2
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O

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3
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H20

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4
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

ROH, heat, acid catalyst

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5
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

H2O, heat, acid/base catalyst

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6
Q

Acyl chloride to ketone

A

i) RMgBr (1eq) ii)H2O

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7
Q

Acid anhydride to ketone

A

i) RMgBr (1eq) ii) H2O

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8
Q

Ketone to hemiacetal

A

ROH, acid/base catalyst

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9
Q

Hemiacetal to acetal

A

ROH, acid catalyst

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10
Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4, EtOH (aq)

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11
Q

Tertiary alcohol to tertiary bromoalkane

A

HBr (conc), reflux

Often eliminates

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12
Q

Nucleophilic substitution on secondary bromoalkane

A

Nu in DMSO/DMF

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13
Q

Secondary bromoalkane to organolithium

A

Li, Et2O

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14
Q

Secondary bromoalkane to Grignard

A

Mg, Et2O

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15
Q

Secondary bromoalkane to nitrile

A

KCN, EtOH

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16
Q

Organolithium to carboxylic acid

A

i) CO2 ii) HCl, H2O

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17
Q

Grignard to carboxylic acid

A

i) CO2 ii) HCl, H2O

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18
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O, H2SO4, heat

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19
Q

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

i) NaCN ii) HCl (aq)

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20
Q

Acid chloride to anhydride

A

RCOONa, Et2O

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21
Q

Anhydride to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4, EtOH (aq)

22
Q

Anhydride to amide

A

RNH2, pyridine

23
Q

Amide to amine

A

i) LiAlH4 ii) H2O

24
Q

Acid chloride to amide

A

RNH2, pyridine

25
Q

Acid chloride to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4, EtOH (aq)

26
Q

Primary alcohol to sulfonate ester

A

TsCl, pyridine

27
Q

Primary alcohol to primary bromoalkane

A

HBr (conc), reflux

Often eliminates

28
Q

Ether to primary alcohol

A

HI (conc) or HBr (conc), heat

29
Q

Carboxylic acid to primary alcohol

A

BH3

30
Q

Ester to primary alcohol

A

LiBH4

31
Q

Ester to amide

A

RNH2, pyridine

32
Q

Transesterification

A

ROH, heat, acid/base catalyst

33
Q

Sulfonate ester to alkene

A

tBuOK, EtOH

34
Q

Sulfonate ester nucleophilic substitution

A

Nu in DMSO/DMF

35
Q

Primary bromoalkane to ether

A

NaOMe, MeOH

36
Q

Primary bromoalkane to alkene

A

tBuOK, EtOH

37
Q

Primary bromoalkane nucleophilic substitution

A

Nu in DMSO/DMF

38
Q

Ketone to tertiary alcohol

A

i) RMgBr ii) H2O

39
Q

Tertiary alcohol to alkoxide

A

NaH

40
Q

Tertiary alcohol to tertiary bromoalkane

A

HBr (conc), reflux

Elimination not possible

41
Q

Tertiary alcohol to tertiary bromoalkane

A

HBr (conc), reflux

Elimination not possible

42
Q

Tertiary bromoalkane to tertiary alcohol

A

H2O, pyridine

43
Q

Tertiary bromoalkane to ether

A

ROH, pyridine

44
Q

Hydrogenation of alkenes

A

H2, Pd catalyst

45
Q

Alkene to tertiary bromoalkane

A

HBr (conc)

46
Q

Alkene to bromohydrin

A

Br2 (aq)

47
Q

Alkene to dibromoalkane

A

Br2, THF

48
Q

Alkene to alcohol

Anti-Markovnikov

A

i) BH3, THF ii) H2O2, NaOH, H2O

49
Q

Alkene to epoxide

A

m-CPBA

50
Q

Epoxide opening

A

Nu

51
Q

Alkene to alcohol

Markovnikov

A

H2SO4 (aq, dil)

NST IA Chemistry (11 decks)

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