Reaction Mechanisms Flashcards
Alkene → Halogenoalkane
HALOGENATION
HBr
Alkene → Dihalogenoalkane
HALOGENATION
Alkene → Alcohol
HYDRATION
Steam/H₃PO₄/High Temperature/High Pressure
Alkene → Alkane
ADDITION POLYMERISATION
Halogenoalkane → Alcohol
HYDROLYSIS
NaOH(aq) or H₂O/warm
Halogenoalkane → 1⁰ Amine
AMINATION
Excess ethanolic ammonia/Warm
Halogenoalkane → 2⁰ Amine
AMINATION
Excess ethanolic 1⁰ amine/Warm
Alkane → Halogenoalkane
HALOGENATION
Cl₂/UV Light
2⁰ Alcohol → Ketone
OXIDATION
K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄/Reflux
Alcohol → Ester
ESTERIFICATION
Carboxylic Acid or Acid Anhydride/Conc. H₂SO₄/Reflux
1⁰ Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid
COMPLETE OXIDATION
K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄/Reflux
1⁰ Alcohol → Aldehyde
PARTIAL OXIDATION
K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄/Distill
Alcohol + Reactive Metal → Alkoxide Salt
Na
Ketone → 2⁰ Alcohol
REDUCTION
NaBH₄/H₂O/Warm
Aldehyde → 1⁰ Alcohol
REDUCTION
NaBH₄/H₂O/Warm
Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid
OXIDATION
K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄/Reflux
Carboxylic Acid → Ester
ESTERIFICATION
ROH/conc. H₂SO₄/Reflux
Ester → Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
ACID HYDROLYSIS
Dilute H₂SO₄/Reflux
Ester → Carboxylate Salt + Alcohol
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
NaOH(aq)/Reflux
Triglyceride Ester → Biodiesel + Glycerol
TRANSESTERIFICATION
CH₃OH(aq)/Reflux
RADICAL SUBSTITUTION
Homolytic Bond Fission
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
Heterolytic Bond Fission
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION
Heterolytic Bond Fission
Benzene → Bromobenzene
BROMINATION
Br₂/FeBr₃ (or Fe)/Anhydrous
Benzene → Chlorobenzene
CHLORINATION
Cl₂/AlCl₃/Anhydrous
Benzene → Nitrobenzene
NITRATION
conc. HNO₃/conc. H₂SO₄/55⁰
Nitrobenzene → Phenylamine
REDUCTION
Sn Catalyst/conc. HCl/Reflux
Alkene → Alkane
HYDROGENATION
H₂/Ni Catalyst/150⁰
Phenol + Reactive Metal → Phenoxide Salt
Na
Phenol + Alkali → Phenoxide Salt
NaOH
Alcohol + Reactive Metal → Alkoxide Salt
Na
Phenol → 2,4,6-tribromophenol
BROMINATION
Br₂(aq)
Phenol → Ester + Carboxylic Acid
ESTERIFICATION
Acid Anhydride/Methanol/Warm
Phenol + Reactive Metal → Phenoxide Salt
Na
Phenol + Alkali → Phenoxide Salt
NaOH
Carboxylic Acid + Metal Carbonate → Carboxylate Salt
NaHCO₃
Phenol + Reactive Metal → Phenoxide Salt
Na
Phenol + Alkali → Phenoxide Salt
NaOH
Carboxylic Acid + Alkali → Carboxylate Salt
NaOH
Carboxylic Acid → Carboxylate Salt
Na