Carbonyls Flashcards
1
Q
What is the test for Carbonyls?
A
- Addition of 2,4-DNPH to produce an orange precipitate
- Filter precipitate and purify by recrystallisation
- Measure melting point of dry crystals
- Compare with known melting points from database
2
Q
The production of a single isomer is achieved by:
A
- Using enzymes or bacteria as biological catalysts to promote stereoselectivity
- Using chiral catalysts
- Using L-amino acids
3
Q
Advantages and disadvantages of single isomers:
A
- Reduces side effects
- Improves pharmacological activity
- Increases cost due to difficulty in separating the optical isomers
4
Q
What is the test for Aldehydes?
A
• Add Tollen's reagent and warm • Aldehydes will produce a silver mirror • Ketones cannot oxidise further Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) RCOH + [O] → RCOOH
5
Q
Oxidation Reactions
A
1⁰ alcohol → aldehyde - Distil 1⁰ alcohol → carboxylic acid - Reflux aldehyde → carboxylic acid - Reflux 2⁰ alcohol → ketone - Reflux Reagent: K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ Observations: Orange → Green
6
Q
Reduction Reactions
A
aldehyde → 1⁰ alcohol
ketone → 2⁰ alcohol
Reagent: NaBH₄/H₂O
Conditions: Warm
7
Q
CHIRAL CENTRE
A
Four different groups attached to a carbon atom.
8
Q
OPTICAL ISOMERS
A
Non-superimposable mirror images about an organic chiral centre.
