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Chemical Engineering Principles > Reaction Kinetics > Flashcards

Reaction Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Rate of chemical reaction is independent of the concentration of reactants for

A. Zero order reaction
B. Third order reaction
C. Consecutive reaction
D. None of these

A

A. Zero order reaction

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a unit of reaction rate?

A. Moles formed/(surface of catalyst)(time)
B. Moles formed/(volume of reactor)(time)
C. Moles formed/(volume of catalyst)(time)
D. None of these

A

D. None of these

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3
Q

If “n” is the order of reaction then unit of rate constant is

A. 1/(time)(concentration)^(n-1)
B. (time)-¹(concentration)^(n-1)
C. (time)^(n-1) (concentration)
D. None of these

A

A. 1/(time)(concentration)^(n-1)

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4
Q

Which of the following is a controlling factor in very fast heterogeneous reaction?

A. Heat and mass transfer effects
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. Composition of reactant

A

A. Heat and mass transfer effects

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5
Q

Variables affecting the rate of homogeneous reactions are

A. Pressure and temperature only
B. Temperature and composition only
C. Pressure and composition only
D. Pressure, temperature, and composition

A

D. Pressure, temperature, and composition

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6
Q

Rate determining step in a reaction consisting of a number of steps in series is the

A. Fastest step
B. Slowed step
C. Intermediate step
D. Data insufficient; can’t predict

A

B. Slowed step

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7
Q

Chemical kinetics can predict the

A. Rate of reaction
B. Feasibility of reaction
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

A

A. Rate of reaction

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8
Q

Velocity of a chemical reaction

A. Decreases with increase in temperature
B. Increases with increase of pressure of reactant for all reactions
C. Decreases with increase of reactant concentration
D. None of these

A

D. None of these

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9
Q

Sum of the powers of the concentration terms in the rate equation is called the

A. Order of the reaction
B. Overall order of the reaction
C. Molecularity of the reaction
D. None of these

A

B. Overall order of the reaction

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10
Q

Molecularity of a reaction

A. Is always equal to the overall order of reaction
B. May not be equal to the order of reaction
C. Can’t have a fractional value
D. Both b and c

A

D. Both b and c

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11
Q

Inversion of cane sugar is an example of

A. Unimolecular reaction with first order
B. Bimolecular reaction with second order
C. Bimolecular reaction with first order
D. Unimolecular reaction with second order

A

C. Bimolecular reaction with first order

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12
Q

Concentration of the limiting reactant (with initial concentration of a moles/liter) after time t is (a-x). Then t for a first order reaction is given by

A. kt=ln(a/a-x)
B. kt=x/a(a-x)
C. kt=ln(a-x/a)
D. kt=a(a-x)/X

A

A. kt=ln(a/a-x)

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13
Q

Half-life period of a chemical reaction is

A. The time required to reduce the concentration of the reacting substance to half its initial value
B. Half of the space time of a reaction
C. Half of the residence time of a reaction
D. None of these

A

A. The time required to reduce the concentration of the reacting substance to half its initial value

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14
Q

Half-life period for a first order reaction is _________ the initial concentration of the reactant

A. Directly proportional to
B. Inversely proportional to
C. Independent of
D. None of these

A

C. Independent of

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15
Q

In a first order reaction the time required to reduce the concentration of reactant from 1 mole/liter to 0.5 mole/liter will be ______ that required to reduce it from 10 moles/liter to 5 moles/liter in the same volume

A. More than
B. Less than
C. Same as
D. Data insufficient; can’t be predicted

A

C. Same as

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16
Q

Specific rate constant for a second order reaction

A. Is independent of temperature
B. Varies with temperature
C. Depends on the nature of the reactants
D. Both b and c

A

D. Both b and c

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17
Q

The reaction in which rate equation corresponds to a stoichiometric equation is called

A. Elementary reaction
B. Non-elementary reaction
C. Parallel reaction
D. Autokinetic reaction

A

A. Elementary reaction

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18
Q

Equilibrium of a chemical reaction as viewed by kinetics is a

A. Dynamic steady state
B. Static steady state
C. Dynamic unsteady state
D. None of these

A

A. Dynamic steady state

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19
Q

For a zero order reaction, concentration of product increases with

A. Increase of reaction time
B. Increase in initial concentration
C. Total pressure
D. Decrease in total pressure

A

A. Increase of reaction time

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20
Q

Arrhenius equation shows the variation of ______ with temperature

A. Reaction rate
B. Rate constant
C. Activation energy
D. Frequency factor

A

B. Rate constant

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21
Q

The energy of activation of a chemical reaction

A. Is same as heat of reaction at constant pressure
B. Is the minimum energy which the molecules must have before the reaction can take place
C. Varies as fifth power of the temperature
D. Both b and c

A

B. Is the minimum energy which the molecules must have before the reaction can take place

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22
Q

Rate constant “k” and the absolute temperature T are related by collision theory (for bimolecular) as

A. k ∝ T^(1.5)
B. k ∝ e^(-E/RT)
C. k ∝ T
D. None of these

A

C. k ∝ T

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23
Q

Transition state theory relates rate constant k and the absolute temperature T as

A. k ∝ e^(-E/RT)
B. k ∝ Te^(-E/RT)
C. k ∝ T
D. k ∝ T^(1.5)

A

B. k ∝ Te^(-E/RT)

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24
Q

Reactions with high activation energy are

A. Very temperature sensitive
B. Temperature insensitive
C. Always irreversible
D. Always reversible

A

A. Very temperature sensitive

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25
Q

In autocatalytic reactions

A. One of the reactants acts as a catalyst
B. One of the products acts as a catalyst
C. Catalyst has very high selectivity
D. No catalyst is used

A

B. One of the products acts as a catalyst

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26
Q

With increase in temperature, the equilibrium conversion of a reversible exothermic reaction

A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Remain unaffected
D. Decreases linearly with temperature

A

A. Decreases

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27
Q

With decrease in temperature, the equilibrium conversion of a reversible endothermic reaction

A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Remain unaffected
D. Decreases linearly with temperature

A

A. Decreases

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28
Q

The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction

A. Increases in the presence of catalyst
B. Decreases in the presence of catalyst
C. Remains unaffected in the presence of catalyst
D. Can either increase or decrease; depends on the type of catalyst

A

C. Remains unaffected in the presence of catalyst

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29
Q

Conversion increases with increase in temperature of

A. Autocatalytic reaction
B. Irreversible reaction
C. Reversible endothermic reaction
D. Reversible exothermic reaction

A

C. Reversible endothermic reaction

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30
Q

The heat of reaction

A. Depends on the pressure only
B. Depends on the mechanism of reaction only
C. Depends on both pressure and mechanism of reaction
D. Is independent of the mechanism of reaction

A

D. Is independent of the mechanism of reaction

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31
Q

Integral method for analyzing the kinetic data is used

A. When the data are scattered
B. For testing specific mechanisms with simple rate expression
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

A

C. Both a and b

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32
Q

Differential method for analyzing the kinetic data is used

A. For testing complicated mechanisms
B. When the data are scattered
C. When rate expressions are very simple
D. None of these

A

A. For testing complicated mechanisms

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33
Q

Exposure of a photographic plate to produce a latent image is an example of

A. Very slow reaction
B. Very fast reaction
C. Photochemical reaction
D. Both b and c

A

D. Both b and c

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34
Q

A trickle bed reactor is one which

A. Has altogether three streams either entering or leaving
B. Processes three reactants at different flow rates
C. Processes three reactants with same flow rate
D. Employs all the three phases (i.e. solid, liquid, and gas)

A

D. Employs all the three phases (i.e. solid, liquid, and gas)

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35
Q

According to Arrhenius equation of temperature dependency of rate constant for an elementary reaction

A. k ∝ √T
B. k ∝ e^(-E/RT)
C. k ∝ Te^(-E/RT)
D. None of these

A

B. k ∝ e^(-E/RT)

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36
Q

With increase in temperature, the rate constant obeying Arrhenius equation

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Decreases exponentially with temperature
D. Can either increase or decrease; depends on the frequency factor

A

A. Increases

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37
Q

A batch reactor is characterized by

A. Constant residence time
B. The variation in extent of reaction and properties of the reaction mixture with time
C. Variation in reactor volume
D. Very low conversion

A

B. The variation in extent of reaction and properties of the reaction mixture with time

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38
Q

A plug-flow reactor is characterized by

A. High capacity
B. Presence of axial mixing
C. Presence of lateral mixing
D. Constant composition and temperature of reaction mixture

A

C. Presence of lateral mixing

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39
Q

In a semi-batch reactor

A. Velocity of reaction can be controlled
B. Maximum conversion can be controlled
C. Both the reactants flow counter-currently
D. Residence time is constant

A

A. Velocity of reaction can be controlled

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40
Q

A back mix reactor

A. Is same as plug-flow reactor
B. Is same as ideal stirred tank reactor
C. Employs mixing in axial direction only
D. Is most suitable for gas phase reaction

A

B. Is same as ideal stirred tank reactor

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41
Q

In a continuous flow stirred tank reactor the composition of the exit stream

A. Is same as that in the reactor
B. Is different than that in the reactor
C. Depends upon the flow rate of the inlet stream
D. None of these

A

A. Is same as that in the reactor

42
Q

In an ideal tubular-flow reactor

A. There is no mixing in the longitudinal direction
B. Mixing takes place in the radial direction
C. There is a uniform velocity across the radius
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

43
Q

Space velocity

A. Describes the extensive operating characteristics of a tubular flow reactor
B. Is the maximum feed rate per unit volume of the reactor for a given conversion
C. Is a measure of the case of the reaction job
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

44
Q

A high space velocity means that a given

A. Reaction can be accomplished with a small reactor
B. Conversion can be obtained with a high feed rate
C. Both a and b
D. None of these

A

C. Both a and b

45
Q

Space-time in flow reactor is

A. Usually equal to the residence time
B. The reciprocal of the space velocity
C. A measure of its capacity
D. Both a and c

A

D. Both a and c

46
Q

A space-time of 3 hours for a flow reactor means that

A. The time required to process one reactor volume of feed (measured at specified conditions) is 3 hours
B. Three reactor volumes of feed can be processed every hour
C. It takes three hours to dump the entire volume of the reaction with feed
D. Conversion is cent percent after three hours

A

A. The time required to process one reactor volume of feed (measured at specified conditions) is 3 hours

47
Q

Space-time equals the mean residence time

A. When the density of the reaction mixture is constant
B. For large diameter tubular reactor
C. For narrow diameter tubular reactor
D. For CSTR

A

A. When the density of the reaction mixture is constant

48
Q

Fluidized bed reactor is characterized by

A. Uniformity of temperature
B. Comparatively smaller equipment
C. Very small pressure drop
D. Absence of continuous catalyst regeneration facility

A

A. Uniformity of temperature

49
Q

A batch reactor is

A. Suitable for gas-phase reaction on commercial scale
B. Suitable for liquid-phase reaction involving small production rate
C. Least expensive to operate for a given rate
D. Most suitable for very large production rate

A

B. Suitable for liquid-phase reaction involving small production rate

50
Q

Which of the following is the most suitable for very high-pressure gas-phase reaction?

A. Batch reactor
B. Tubular flow reactor
C. Stirred tank reactor
D. Fluidized bed reactor

A

B. Tubular flow reactor

51
Q

For nearly isothermal operation involving large reaction time in a liquid-phase reaction, the most suitable reactor is

A. Stirred tank reactor
B. Tubular flow reactor
C. Batch reactor
D. Fixed bed reactor

A

A. Stirred tank reactor

52
Q

A stirred tank reactor compared to tubular-flow reactor provides

A. More uniform operation condition
B. Permits operation at the optimum temperature for a long reaction time
C. Higher overall selectivity for a first-order consecutive reaction
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

53
Q

For the same residence time, which will give the maximum conversion?

A. Single stirred tank (V = 5 liters)
B. Two stirred tank (each of 2.5 liters) in series
C. Stirred tank followed by tubular flow reactor (each of 2.5 liters)
D. Single tubular flow reactor (V = 5 liters)

A

D. Single tubular flow reactor (V = 5 liters)

54
Q

Oil hydrogenated using nickel catalyst in a

A. Batch reactor
B. Slurry reactor
C. Fluidized bed reactor
D. Fixed bed reactor

A

B. Slurry reactor

55
Q

A second-order reaction of form A + B → C is called a pseudo-first-order reaction when

A. CAo = CBo
B. CAo > CBo
C. CAo ≠ CBo
D. CBo > CAo

A

D. CBo > CAo

56
Q

A first-order irreversible reaction A → B is carried separately in a constant volume as well as in a variable volume reactor for a particular period. It signifies that

A. Both conversion as well as concentration are same in the two reacors
B. Conversion in both will be the same but concentrations will be different in the two reactors
C. Both the conversion as well as concentrations will be different in the two reactors
D. None of these

A

B. Conversion in both will be the same but concentrations will be different in the two reactors

57
Q

A space velocity of 5 hours means that

A. Five reactor volumes of feed (at specified conditions) are being fed into the reactor per hour
B. After five hours, reactor is being filled with the feed
C. Cent percent conversion can be achieved in at least 5 hours
D. A fixed conversion of a given batch of feed takes 5 hours

A

A. Five reactor volumes of feed (at specified conditions) are being fed into the reactor per hour

58
Q

Which of the following fixes the volume of a batch reactor for a particular conversion and production rate?

A. Operating conditions (e.g. pressure and temperature)
B. Rate constant
C. Density of mixture
D. None of these

A

C. Density of mixture

59
Q

In a CSTR

A. Reaction rate varies with time
B. Concentration varies with time
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b occurs

A

D. Neither a nor b occurs

60
Q

The use of space-time is preferred over the mean residence time in the design of

A. Batch reactor
B. Ideal tubular-flow reactor
C. Slurry reactor
D. CSTR

A

B. Ideal tubular-flow reactor

61
Q

For all positive reaction orders for a particular duty

A. Mixed reactor is always larger than the plug-flow reactor
B. The ratio of the volume of the mixed reactor to that of the plug-flow reactor decreases with order
C. Reactor size is independent of the type of flow
D. Density variation during reaction affects the design

A

A. Mixed reactor is always larger than the plug-flow reactor

62
Q

With the same reaction time, initial concentration and feed rate, the reaction 2A → B is carried out separately in CSTR and PFR of equal volumes. The conversion will be

A. Higher in PFR
B. Higher in CSTR
C. Same in both reactors
D. Data insufficient; can’t be predicted

A

A. Higher in PFR

63
Q

For autocatalytic reactor, the suitable reactor set up is

A. PFR in series
B. CSTR in series
C. CSTR followed by PFR
D. PFR followed by CSTR

A

C. CSTR followed by PFR

64
Q

For multiple reactions, the reaction within the vessel affects the

A. Size requirement
B. Distribution of reaction product
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b

A

C. Both a and b

65
Q

A first-order reaction requires two unequal sized CSTR. Which of the following gives a higher yield?

A. Large reactor followed by smaller one
B. Small reactor followed by larger one
C. Either of the arrangement a or b will give the same yield
D. Data insufficient; can’t be predicted

A

C. Either of the arrangement a or b will give the same yield

66
Q

A first-order reaction requires two equal sized CSTR. The conversion is

A. Less when they are connected in series
B. More when they are connected in series
C. More when they are connected in parallel
D. Same whether they are connected in series or parallel

A

B. More when they are connected in series

67
Q

The concentration of A in a first order reaction A → B decreases

A. Linearly with time
B. Exponentially with time
C. Very abruptly toward the end of the reaction
D. Logarithmically with time

A

B. Exponentially with time

68
Q

Which of the following is most suitable for isothermal reaction?

A. Batch reactor
B. Back-mix reactor
C. Plug-flow reactor
D. Fixed bed reactor

A

B. Back-mix reactor

69
Q

Which of the following is the optimum operating condition for an exothermic reversible reaction taking place in a plug-flow reactor

A. Temperature should be high in the beginning and decreased towards the end of the reaction
B. Very low temperature should be used throughout the reaction
C. Very high temperature should be used throughout the reaction
D. None of these

A

A. Temperature should be high in the beginning and decreased towards the end of the reaction

70
Q

With increase in the space-time of an irreversible isothermal reaction being carried out in a PFR, the conversion will

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. Data insufficient; can’t be predicted

A

A. Increase

71
Q

The optimum performance for reactors operating in parallel is obtained when the feed stream is distributed in such a way that the

A. Space time for each parallel line is same
B. Space time for parallel lines is different
C. Larger reactors have more space time compared to smaller ones
D. None of these

A

A. Space time for each parallel line is same

72
Q

Back mixing is most predominant in

A. A well-stirred reactor
B. Plug-flow reactor
C. A single CSTR
D. CSTR connected in series

A

C. A single CSTR

73
Q

The ratio of moles of a reactant converted into the desired product to that converted into unwanted product is called

A. Operational yield
B. Relative yield
C. Selectivity
D. None of these

A

C. Selectivity

74
Q

The performance of a cascade of CSTRs can be improved by adding

A. A PFR in series
B. A PFR in parallel
C. More CSTRs in series
D. More CSTRs in parallel

A

C. More CSTRs in series

75
Q

An auto thermal reactor is

A. Most suitable for a second order reaction
B. Most suitable for a reversible reaction
C. Completely self supporting in its thermal energy requirements
D. Isothermal in nature

A

C. Completely self supporting in its thermal energy requirements

76
Q

For series reaction, the

A. Relative yield is always greater for plug-flow reactor than for the single CSTR of the same volume
B. Statement in a is wrong
C. Relative yield decrease with increasing conversion
D. Both a and c hold good

A

D. Both a and c hold good

77
Q

When a high liquid hold up is required in a reactor for gas-liquid reaction, use

A. Packed column
B. Spray column
C. Tray column
D. Bubble column

A

D. Bubble column

78
Q

For reactions in parallel viz. A → P (desired product) and A → Q (unwanted product), if the order of the desired reaction is higher than that of the undesired reaction, a

A. Batch reactor is preferred over a single CSTR for high yield
B. Tubular reactor is preferred over a single CSTR for high yield
C. Both a and b
D. A single CSTR is most suitable

A

C. Both a and b

79
Q

For reactions in parallel viz. A → P (desired product) and A → Q (unwanted product), high yield would be favored (for gas-phased reactions)

A. At high pressure
B. At low pressure
C. By the presence of the inner gases in the reactant stream
D. Both b and c

A

A. At high pressure

80
Q

When all the limiting reactant is consumed in the reaction, the operation yield

A. Is greater than relative yield
B. Is smaller than relative yield
C. Equals the relative yield
D. Can be greater or smaller than relative yield, depends on the type of reaction

A

C. Equals the relative yield

81
Q

Design of heterogeneous catalytic reactor involves consideration of

A. Only chemical steps
B. Only physical steps
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b

A

C. Both a and b

82
Q

Pick out the wrong statement

A. A catalyst does not alter the final position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction
B. A catalyst initiate a reaction
C. A catalyst is specific in action
D. A catalyst remain unchanged in chemical composition at the end of the reaction

A

B. A catalyst initiate a reaction

83
Q

Catalyst is a substance which

A. Increases the speed of chemical reaction
B. Decreases the speed of chemical reaction
C. Can either increase or decrease the speed of chemical reaction
D. Alters the value of equilibrium constant in a reversible reaction

A

C. Can either increase or decrease the speed of chemical reaction

84
Q

Catalyst carriers

A. Have very high selectivity
B. Increase the activity of a catalyst
C. Provide large surface area with small amount of active material
D. Inhibit catalyst poisoning

A

C. Provide large surface area with small amount of active material

85
Q

A Catalyst promoter

A. Improves the activity of a catalyst
B. Acts as a catalyst support
C. Itself has very high activity
D. All of the above

A

A. Improves the activity of a catalyst

86
Q

A catalyst inhibitor

A. Lessens its selectivity
B. May be useful for suppressing undesirable side reaction
C. Is added in small quantity during the catalyst manufacture itself
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

87
Q

Carbon catalyst accumulated on the catalyst used in the gas oil cracking lies in the category of:

A. Deposited poison
B. Chemisorbed poison
C. Selectivity poison
D. Stability poison

A

A. Deposited poison

88
Q

Slurry reactors are characterized by

A. Lack of intra-particle diffusion resistance
B. Presence of two mobile phase
C. Both a and b
D. Neither a nor b

A

A. Lack of intra-particle diffusion resistance

89
Q

A reaction A → 3B is conducted in a constant pressure vessel. Starting with pure A, the volume of the reaction mixture increase 3 times in 6 minutes. The final conversion is

A. 0.33
B. 0.50
C. 1.0
D. Data insufficient; can’t be predicted

A

C. 1.0

90
Q

The most suitable reactor for carrying out an auto-thermal reaction is

A. Batch reactor
B. CSTR
C. Semi-batch reactor
D. Plug-flow reactor

A

C. Semi-batch reactor

91
Q

Which of the following factors control the design of a fluid solid reactor?

A. The reaction kinetics for single particle
B. The size distribution of solids being treated
C. Flow patterns of solids and fluids in the reactor
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

92
Q

Kinetics of solid catalyst reaction can be studied in a

A. Batch reactor
B. Plug-flow reactor
C. Mixed reactor
D. None of these

A

C. Mixed reactor

93
Q

For high conversion in highly exothermic solid catalyzed reaction, use a

A. Fixed bed reactor
B. Fluidized bed reactor followed by a fixed bed reactor
C. Fixed bed reactor followed by a fluidized bed reactor
D. Fluidized bed reactor

A

B. Fluidized bed reactor followed by a fixed bed reactor

94
Q

In case of staged packed bed reactors carrying out exothermic reaction, use

A. High recycle for pure glass
B. Plug flow for dilute liquid require no large preheating of feed
C. Cold shot operations for a dilute solution requiring large preheating to bring the steam up to the reaction
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

95
Q

Which of the following will give the maximum gas conversion?

A. Fixed bed reactor
B. Fluidized reactor
C. Semi-fludized reactor
D. Plug-flow catalytic reactor

A

C. Semi-fluidized reactor

96
Q

Which of the following factors control the deactivation of a porous catalyst pellet?

A. Decay reactions
B. Pore diffusion
C. Form of surface attack poison
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

97
Q

BET apparatus is used to determine the

A. Specific surface of porous catalyst
B. Pore size distribution
C. Pore diameter
D. Porosity of the catalyst bed

A

A. Specific surface of porous catalyst

98
Q

If pore diffusion is the controlling step in a solid catalyzed reaction, the catalyst

A. Porosity is very important
B. Porosity is less important
C. Internal surface is utilized efficiently
D. None of these

A

B. Porosity is less important

99
Q

BET apparatus

A. Measure the catalyst surface area directly
B. Operates at very high pressure
C. Is made entirely by stainless steel
D. None of these

A

D. None of these

100
Q

Helium-mercury method can be used to determine the

A. Pore volume
B. Solid density
C. Porosity of catalyst particle
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

Chemical Engineering Principles (5 decks)

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