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Natural Sciences Clep > Rea Practice Test 2 > Flashcards

Rea Practice Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ordovician period

A

Mass extinctions followed by diversification of species that survived extinctions
Development of land plants

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2
Q

Cambrian period

A

Fossilized exoskeleton, explosion of evolution into multitudes of phyla

The Cambrian Period was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 55.6 million years

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3
Q

Precambrian period

A

Fossilized burrows indicate development of multicellular animals with only soft parts

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4
Q

Silurian period

A

New species developed through adaptive radiation

Underwater life thrived

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5
Q

Permian period

A

The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 46.7 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago

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6
Q

Primary oocytes

A

Present in reproductive organs at birth

The primary oocytes are produced during the embryonic stage by oogenesis.
At the embryonic stage, each oogonium inside the ovary of a fetus divides by mitosis to form a primary oocyte which enters the prophase of meiosis I and gets arrested at this phase of the cell cycle, until the child reaches the puberty age.
At the puberty stage, the primary oocyte will complete meiosis I to form a secondary oocyte.

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7
Q

Cleavage

A

Division of the zygote into multiple cells

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8
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A

Develop into spermatid
Haploid cells that will develop into male gametes

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9
Q

Oogenesis

A

The formation of mature female gametes is called oogenesis.
This process starts during embryonic development in the mother’s womb.
The gamete mother cells called oogonia are formed within the fetal ovary.
The oogonia undergo mitotic division to form a primary oocyte.

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10
Q

Polar body

A

Infertile cell resulting from meiosis II in females

polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed at the same time as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized

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11
Q

Alpha decay

A

The nuclear reaction that gives off the nucleus’s of a helium atom

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12
Q

Beta decay

A

The nuclear reaction that turns a neutron to a proton

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13
Q

Positron decay

A

The nuclear reaction that turns a proton into a neutron star

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14
Q

Neutron capture

A

Neutron capture is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus and one or more neutrons collide and merge to form a heavier nucleus.[1] Since neutrons have no electric charge, they can enter a nucleus more easily than positively charged protons

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15
Q

Gamma radiation

A

The emission of very high energy photons

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16
Q

Limiting factors

A

Biotic and abiotic influences that cause a disturbance in an ecosystem that affects the population growth rate

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17
Q

Law of minimums

A

The tendency for the resource in shortest supply to limit the population growth

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18
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic balance achieved within an ecosystem functioning at its optimal level

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19
Q

Density

A

Number of organisms per area

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20
Q

Law of intolerance

A

Population growth is limited by having more of a substance than it’s required

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21
Q

Which of the following is within the phylum chordata

A

Perch

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22
Q

Which organs function as an organ of the immune system

A

Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus

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23
Q

Which is included in Oparins hypothesis

A

The young earth had very little oxygen present in the atomic atmosphere
The earth is more than four billion years old
Heat energy was abundantly available because of the Earths cooling
Large organic molecule capable of dividing and absorption became plentiful resulting in eventual evolution of early life

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24
Q

Which is true regarding fundamental atomic particles

A

Each quark is called a flavor

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25
Q

Why is solid copper a strong conductor but solid copper sulfide is not

A

The d level electrons in metallic bonds are de localized

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26
Q

Member of which groups category are most closely related

A

Genus

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27
Q

After a forest fire a meadow community develops and is later replaced by a temperate forest community this process is called what

A

Succession

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28
Q

If the nucleus of an oxygen isotope 8p 8n was split exactly in two, what would the new elements consist of

A

Two beryllium

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29
Q

Given the order of magnitude of the four fundamental forces, what is their order from weakest to strongest

A

Gravity, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, strong nuclear

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30
Q

Which of the following kingdoms contains photosynthetic organisms

A

Protista

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31
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the surface of the earth

A

Troposphere

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32
Q

Thermodynamics deals with the study of which if the following systems which can be observed and measured in experiments

A

Large scale response

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33
Q

Which of the following factors exerts the most influence over limiting cell size

A

The ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

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34
Q

The cause of earths magnetic field is

A

Still a mystery from deep in earths core

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35
Q

Which of the following explains why a sound wave has a higher pitch than the original source

A

The source is moving forward

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36
Q

When water pressure is equal inside and outside the cell it is said to be

A

Isotonic

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37
Q

Which of the following organelles is found in plants only and help provide rigidity to cells

A

Cell walls

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38
Q

What is not true about enzymes

A

Enzymes only function within living thjngs

39
Q

What pairs of matter and antimatter are related correctly

A

Proton and antiproton

40
Q

The astronautical unit or AU is

A

The average distance of Earth from the sun

41
Q

An ion that attaches to an enzyme to become better able to catalyze a reaction is known as

A

A prosthetic group

42
Q

When a stream full of sediments flows out of a narrow mountain canyon and widens into a stream channel losing velocity and forming large fan shaped deposits it is called an

A

Alluvial fan

43
Q

A thermodynamic process that does not involve heat transfer is called an

A

Adiabatic process

44
Q

Monotremes are mammals that lay eggs the feature of egg laying in this case most likely suggests

A

A convergent evolution of analogous traits

45
Q

Which of the following gases would be expected to show the greatest deviation from ideal behavior

A

H2S

46
Q

If you were abroad a spacecraft that is traveling away from Earth at 9.8 you would feel the same force as if you were standing on earths surface this is an example of

A

Einstein equivalence principle
Person acting as an observer in a spacecraft enclosed in a completely sealed opaque chamber perceives the forces acting upon that space craft as if the person were experienced the gravitational pull of earth

47
Q

The synthesis of ATP molecules to store energy is an example of

A

Anabolism

48
Q

Energy transformations that occur as chemicals are broken apart or synthesized within the cell are collectively known as

A

Metabolism

49
Q

Archimedes principle states that an object is buoyed up by a force that is equal to

A

Weight of the fluid displaced

50
Q

When determining molar volume of a gas by collecting the gas over water which of the following laws must be considered to take into account pressure exerted by water vapor in the collection bottle

A

Dalton’s law
Law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sun of the partial pressures of each component in the mixture

51
Q

Which of the following is not true of an electromagnet

A

And electromagnetic is not a permanent magnet
Strength of electromagnet is not limited and can be increased easily

52
Q

Two thirds of all known active volcanoes are in the

A

Pacific Ocean

53
Q

Which of the following types of waves are longitudinal

A

P waves from a earthquake

54
Q

A solid object with a specific gravity greater than 1 will typically do which of the following based on perimeter alone

A

Sink in liquid water

55
Q

The continuous cycle of the alternating rise and fall of the sea level observed along the coastlines and bodies of water connected to the sea is called

A

The tide

56
Q

The parallax of a star is

A

The angle through which the star appears to move in the course of half a year

57
Q

Which kingdom has members that were most likely to have evolved earlier than members of any other kingdom

A

Kingdom monera contained prokaryotic cells which are considered to be the first to evolve

58
Q

In mechanics there are three fundamental quantities that can be measured. All mechanical measurements can be reduced to a combination of these three quanitities . What are they

A

Length mass and time

59
Q

Which demonstrates the highest melting point

A

SiC
The highest melting point will be demonstrated by the crystal that has strongest forces holding it in crystalline structure
SiC is held together with network covalent attraction (stronger than ionic and polar attraction)

60
Q

Where is the vascular cylinder and what does it do

A

E
Inside middle
In the center of the root is the vascular cylinder including xylem and phloem tissue

61
Q

Where is the epidermis and what does it do

A

B
Outside layer
One cell layer thick and serves to protect the internal root tissue and absorb nutrients and water

62
Q

Where is the root hairs and what does it do

A

A
Pertruding from epidermis
Root hairs are extensions of the cells that reach between soil particles and retrieve water and minerals

63
Q

Where is the endodermis and what does it do

A

D
Layer under cortex
Inside the cortex, it is a single layer of cells that are tightly connected so no substances can pass between cells
Acts like filter

64
Q

Where is the cortex and what does it do

A

C
One layer under epidermis
Made of large parenchyma cells

65
Q

Astronomers call the visible surface of the sun the

A

Photosphere

66
Q

The weight of an object depends on the

A

Mass of an object and the gravitational force pulling on it

67
Q

A bilateral of phospholipids with protein globules interspersed is characteristic of what organelle

A

Cell or plasma membrane

68
Q

The iron containing molecule that carries oxygen within red blood class throughout the body via circulatory system is the

A

Hemoglobin

69
Q

An unknown plant found in the forest has five petals in its flower and tap root system which is most likely to be true

A

The leaves of the plant have networked veins

70
Q

What is a characteristic of light

A

Light behaves as a particle and as a wave

71
Q

Why do we sea lighting before we hear thunder

A

Because the difference between the speed of light and sound

72
Q

Temporary movement of a species from one range to another then back to original range is known as

A

Migration

73
Q

How is relative strength of a thunderstorm updraft estimated

A

By the size of the the precipitation particles

74
Q

Plants reproduce through alternation in generations. The diploid generation that produces male and female gametophytes is known as the

A

Sporophyte generation

75
Q

A particular plant has individuals that are either male or female. A male individual if this plant may have all the following except

A

a stigma
The male structure is the stamen, consisting of the anther atop a long hollow filament.

76
Q

Which of the following structural layers of earth is liquid

A

The core

77
Q

The law of segregation states that

A

Genes are separated in gamete formation and randomly brought together in fertilization
Traits are expressed from a pair of genes in the individual , one came from each parent

78
Q

What is not involved in the immune system

A

Epithelial (skin) cells have no direct function in immunity

79
Q

To be considered a mineral the substance must never have been a part of a living organism and must be found in

A

Nature

80
Q

Plants and animals obtain usable nitrogen through the action of

A

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria and lightning
They can use nitrogen from air

81
Q

Why does cement floor feel cooler to touch than a wooden floor

A

The conductivity of cement is higher and allows heat from your fingers to flow to more than wood does.

82
Q

As you move across a row in the periodic table which of the following traits increase and which do not

A

Each new element experiences a greater pull between nucleus and electrons- this pulls the outer electrons and decreases atomic radius

83
Q

If star x appears to be 2.5 times as bright as Star Y then the two stars differ in magnitude by

A

1
One unit in magnitude corresponds to and increase of brightness by 2.5

84
Q

What are the steps in the carbon cycle

A

Carbon took in by plants-form carbs by photosynthesis
Carbon dissolved out of air into ocean-form calcium carbonate, organisms form shells
Detritus feeders (worms, mites, insects) return carbon to elemental form
Burning fossil fuels release carbon in atmosphere

85
Q

The stomach secretes:

A

Digestive enzymes. Hydrochloric acid, gastric juices, and mucous
The stomach does not secrete acetic acid

86
Q

Minerals are identifies and classified by all the following measurable physical properties except for

A

Firmness
Identifiable properties of minerals are: cleavage, fracture, luster, color

87
Q

The organelle of a cell that engaged in both passive and active transport is the

A

Cell (plasma) membrane

88
Q

The path of the sun across the celestial sphere is called the

A

Elliptic is the apparent annual path through the planets and stars that the sun follows

89
Q

It takes a certain amount of energy to change a sample of liquid to gas, if it is assumed that the substance can exist in both states. The quantity varies for different substances and is called the

A

Heat of vaporization or enthalpy
Amount of energy needed to turn a given quantity of a substance into a gas

90
Q

A pond ecosystem has sharp boundaries at the shorelines . The sharp boundary of an ecosystem is known as a

A

Ecotone

91
Q

The fissile of a fish skeleton is found in a limestone bed. The fish most likely belonged to the class

A

Osteichthyes
Since soft tissues would not fossilize well it would be unlikely to find fossil if a cartilaginous fish

92
Q

Which of the following statements about cells is true and not true

A

Only plant cells have cell walls
All cells have cell plasma membrane

93
Q

When refraction occurs part of a wave

A

Slows down before another part

94
Q

A bottle with a message is tossed into the ocean off the shore of Siberia in the Sea of Okhotsk where can it be expected to wash ashore

A

The bottle will drift eastward until it will ride the Kuroshio current to the North Pacific Drift and was ashore on the west coast of North America

Natural Sciences Clep (4 decks)

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