RE 9.1 - Variation and Characteristics Notes, Heredity and Genetics

Question 1

Define the following word; Characteristics

Answer 1

A feature or quality such as eye colour or wing shape

Question 2

Define the following word; Traits

Answer 2

A trait is a variation of a characteristics, such as (needs fixing)

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

Question 3

Define the following word; Variation

Answer 3

Variation is the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors Variation is the diversity found within things or people. It is variation that accounts for diversity

Question 4

Define the following word; Heredity

Answer 4

Heredity is the transmission/passing of a characteristics genetically from one generation to the next

Question 5

Define the following word; Heritable Characteristics

Answer 5

heritable Characteristics are characteristic’s/traits that are passed down from parents to off-spring. ex. height, shaped fruit, eye colour

Question 6

Define the following word; Non-heritable characteristics

Answer 6

Characteristics or traits that cannot be passed onto the generation or from a parent to off-spring through genes. ex. playing tennis or golf, preferred music

Question 7

Comparison of discrete variations and continuous variations.

Answer 7

discrete variations; traits have a defined form. ex. eye colour, plants produce white or purple flower, or attached or detached earlobe.
continuous variation; traits have a range of form. ex. height of average adults range from 1.2 to 2.1m

Question 8

Answer the following questions, it can vary - How can environment affect characteristics in living things?

Answer 8

The environment can impact living things in many ways. Ex. animals might change their fur color to blend in better with their surroundings or plants may grow taller in areas with more sunlight to reach it better.

Question 9

Answer the following questions - What is DNA

Answer 9

DNA contains all the information that tells the cell what to do. It tells cells what type cell it should be and what type of organism will be formed by a group of cells.

Question 10

Answer the following questions - How many chromosomes are in the human cell?

Answer 10

A complete set of human DNA is made up of 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. The human karyotype is made up of 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 11

Define the following word; Gene

Answer 11

Gene is a uninterrupted segment of DNA, which contains coded instructions for a specific characteristics. ex. hair or eye colour

Question 12

Define the following word; Alleles

Answer 12

Simple definition; Allele is each possible version in a gene.
Definition; Alleles are different versions of a gene that can lead to a variation in a particular trait. ex. different eye color or blood type.

Question 13

Define the following word; Dominant traits

Answer 13

A trait that appears/show up if one or both pair of alleles are dominant. Represented by capital letters, ex. black fur (B).

Question 14

Define the following word; Recessive traits

Answer 14

A trait that appears only if both members of a pair of alleles are recessive. Represented by a lower case letter, ex. white fur (b)

Question 15

Answer the question - What are punnet squares

Answer 15

Used to predict results of a particular cross (capital/ dominant traits are first)

Question 16

Define the following words; Homozygous and Heterozygous

Answer 16

Homozygous; (homo = gay = pure)
When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive (BB or bb)
Heterozygous (heter = hater = hybrid) When an individual has two different alleles (Bb)

Question 17

Define the following words; Phenotype and genotype

Answer 17

Phenotype (pheno = camera = see); the observable traits, like appearance or behavior. ex. normal or albino, brown eyes or blue eyes
Genotype (geno = gene = inside); The description of the actually genetic composition. ex. AA, Aa, aa, BB, Bb, bb

Question 18

Define the following word; Monohybrid

Answer 18

Monohybrid refers to a genetic cross involving two pure bred of the overside or only involving one trait. ex. a pure bred tall (TT) and a pure bred dwarf (tt) were to crossover, Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt.

Question 19

Define the following word; Incomplete dominance

Answer 19

Blending of traits carried by two or more different genes

Question 20

Define the following word; Blending

Answer 20

Combination of genes in which a mixture of both traits show